Cited by 623Face and Expression RecognitionFace recognition and analysisBiometric Identification and Security

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Face Recognition Systems: A Survey

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Kortli, Yassin, Jridi, Maher, Al Falou, Ayman, Atri, Mohamed·2020·Sensors

DOI 10.3390/s20020342PMC PMC7013584

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Abstract

Over the past few decades, interest in theories and algorithms for face recognition has been growing rapidly. Video surveillance, criminal identification, building access control, and unmanned and autonomous vehicles are just a few examples of concrete applications that are gaining attraction among industries. Various techniques are being developed including local, holistic, and hybrid approaches, which provide a face image description using only a few face image features or the whole facial features. The main contribution of this survey is to review some well-known techniques for each approach and to give the taxonomy of their categories. In the paper, a detailed comparison between these techniques is exposed by listing the advantages and the disadvantages of their schemes in terms of robustness, accuracy, complexity, and discrimination. One interesting feature mentioned in the paper is about the database used for face recognition. An overview of the most commonly used databases, including those of supervised and unsupervised learning, is given. Numerical results of the most interesting techniques are given along with the context of experiments and challenges handled by these techniques. Finally, a solid discussion is given in the paper about future directions in terms of techniques to be used for face recognition.

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Authors: Kortli, Y., Jridi, M., Al Falou, A., & Atri, M.
Affiliations: University of Monastir (TN)
AI-ED Department, Yncrea Ouest, 20 rue du Cuirassé de Bretagne, 29200 Brest, France
King Khalid University (SA)
Corresponding author: Kortli, Yassin
ORCID: Kortli, Yassin
Jridi, Maher
Atri, Mohamed
Venue: Sensors
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2020-01-07
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Pages: 342
ISSN: 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/s20020342
PMC: PMC7013584
OpenAlex: W2999711171
Cited by: 623
References: 128
Citations by year: 2026: 44 · 2025: 113 · 2024: 118 · 2023: 145 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 15
FWCI: 33.82
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
dx.doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HAL (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face and Expression Recognition
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face recognition and analysis
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Biometric Identification and Security
Keywords: face recognition, holistic face recognition, face recognition databases, video surveillance, access control, unmanned vehicles, recognition robustness
MeSH terms: Facial Recognition, Algorithms, Humans, Pattern Recognition, Automated, Surveys and Questionnaires, Neural Networks, Computer, Databases as Topic, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Principal Component Analysis

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