Cited by 623Face and Expression RecognitionFace recognition and analysisBiometric Identification and Security

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 128 of the 128 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Face Recognition Systems: A Survey

Open access

Kortli, Yassin, Jridi, Maher, Al Falou, Ayman, Atri, Mohamed·2020·Sensors

DOI 10.3390/s20020342PMC PMC7013584

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Over the past few decades, interest in theories and algorithms for face recognition has been growing rapidly. Video surveillance, criminal identification, building access control, and unmanned and autonomous vehicles are just a few examples of concrete applications that are gaining attraction among industries. Various techniques are being developed including local, holistic, and hybrid approaches, which provide a face image description using only a few face image features or the whole facial features. The main contribution of this survey is to review some well-known techniques for each approach and to give the taxonomy of their categories. In the paper, a detailed comparison between these techniques is exposed by listing the advantages and the disadvantages of their schemes in terms of robustness, accuracy, complexity, and discrimination. One interesting feature mentioned in the paper is about the database used for face recognition. An overview of the most commonly used databases, including those of supervised and unsupervised learning, is given. Numerical results of the most interesting techniques are given along with the context of experiments and challenges handled by these techniques. Finally, a solid discussion is given in the paper about future directions in terms of techniques to be used for face recognition.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/s20020342

Cites

128 of 128 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features
Viola, P., & Jones, M. (2005) · Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR 2001 · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2001.990517 · Cited by 18,300
FaceNet: A unified embedding for face recognition and clustering
Schroff, F., Kalenichenko, D., & Philbin, J. (2015) · 2015 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2015.7298682 · Cited by 15,267
Eigenfaces for Recognition
Turk, M., & Pentland, A. (1991) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1991.3.1.71 · Cited by 13,733
A comparative study of texture measures with classification based on featured distributions
Ojala, T., Pietikäinen, M., & Harwood, D. (1996) · Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1016/0031-3203(95)00067-4 · Cited by 6,882
DeepFace: Closing the Gap to Human-Level Performance in Face Verification
Taigman, Y., Yang, M., Ranzato, M., & Wolf, L. (2014) · 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2014.220 · Cited by 6,542
Deep Face Recognition
Parkhi, O. M., Vedaldi, A., & Zisserman, A. (2015) · Procedings of the British Machine Vision Conference 2015 · doi:10.5244/c.29.41 · Cited by 5,479
A Discriminative Feature Learning Approach for Deep Face Recognition
Wen, Y., Zhang, K., Li, Z., & Qiao, Y. (2016) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46478-7_31 · Cited by 4,077
A survey of deep neural network architectures and their applications
Liu, W., Wang, Z., Liu, X., Zeng, N., Liu, Y., & Alsaadi, F. E. (2017) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2016.12.038 · Cited by 3,239
SphereFace: Deep Hypersphere Embedding for Face Recognition
Liu, W., Wen, Y., Yu, Z., Li, M., Raj, B., & Song, L. (2017) · 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2017.713 · Cited by 2,280
Local Features and Kernels for Classification of Texture and Object Categories: A Comprehensive Study
Zhang, J., Marszałek, M., Lazebnik, S., & Schmid, C. (2006) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-006-9794-4 · Cited by 1,962

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 128 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

Perlibakas, V. (2006). Face recognition using principal component analysis and log-gabor filters. arXiv.
Sufyanu, 2016, Enhanced Face Recognition Using Discrete Cosine Transform, Eng. Lett., 24, 52
Ouerhani, 2013, Graphics processor unit implementation of correlation technique using a segmented phase only composite filter, Opt. Commun., 289, 33, 10.1016/j.optcom.2012.09.074 · DOI

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 622

Gender Classification Using Viola Jones, Orthogonal Difference Local Binary Pattern and Principal Component Analysis
Mukminin, M. A., Dharmawan, T., & Hidayat, M. A. (2024) · Matrik Jurnal Manajemen Teknik Informatika dan Rekayasa Komputer · doi:10.30812/matrik.v23i3.3879
Deep Learning Compiler Optimization Based on Constraint Programming
Xie, L. (2024) · International Conference on Computer, Artificial Intelligence and Control Engineering (CAICE) · doi:10.1145/3672758.3672767
Neural Gas Counter Propagation Neural Network (NG CPNN): A Novel Model for Face Recognition
Olagunju, K. M., Falohun, A. S., Oke, A. O., & Adebiyi, M. O. (2024) · International Conference on Science, Engineering and Business for Driving Sustainable Development Goals (SEB4SDG) · doi:10.1109/seb4sdg60871.2024.10630426
Comparative Analysis of Fast Matrix Multiplication Methods on Different Datatypes
Abdulsalyamova, A. S., Abdulkadirov, R. I., Lyakhov, P. A., & Nagornov, N. N. (2024) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-64010-0_40
An Optimal Hybrid Deep Learning-Aided Facial Emotion Detection and Classification Scheme to Identify Criminal ActivitiesPreprint
Prabha, B. S., Poonkodi, M., & Joseph, L. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4902157/v1
Review of face-based recognition systems
Hassan, H. J., Shujaa, M. I., Breesam, A. M., & Wali, M. K. (2024) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0236493
GaitSeries: Gait Recognition Using Unsynchronized Multi-variate Time Series
Wang, H., & Mahmoodi, S. (2024) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-5035-1_46
Emotion Unleashed: Real-Time FER in Video via Advanced Deep Learning Models
Thakkar, B., Bhatt, C., Patel, P. K., Patel, M., & Bruno, A. (2024) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-73110-5_18
Identification of fake voters by face and ID recognition using novel recurrent neural network in comparison with convolutional neural network to improve accuracy
Ganesh, P., & Vinodhini, G. A. F. (2024) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0232867
A review on automated facial recognition technology
Jiet, M. M., Verma, P., Kamble, A., Puri, C., & Kalbande, M. N. (2024) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0241110
AVFD
Trung, V. D., Nguyen, P. A., Yan, T., Vi, P. T., Mishra, S. K., & Ngoc, L. A. (2024) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781394230648.ch5
ConFERNet: a low trainable parameters based novel light-weight convolutive feature extraction recurrent network for high accuracy suspect identification
Shree, M., Mohapatra, A. K., Suwanwiwat, H., Vishwakarma, V. P., & Lee, I. (2024) · Signal Image and Video Processing · doi:10.1007/s11760-024-03603-5
Bridging Modalities: Improving Thermal Face Recognition with Low-Quality Cross-Modality Synthesis
Dong, C., He, J., & Cai, Y. (2024) · International Conference on Information Communication and Signal Processing (ICICSP) · doi:10.1109/icicsp62589.2024.10809202
Siamese Neural Networks for One-Shot Face Recognition
Vardhan, P. V., Avanija, J., Priya, N. M. S., Vineeth, N., & Parthu, V. (2024) · Advanced technologies and societal change · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-2832-3_80
Person Recognition and Authenticity Through Facial Analysis Combining LSTM and Siamese Networks
Zahia, I. G., Ichim, L., & Popescu, D. (2024) · International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV) · doi:10.1109/icarcv63323.2024.10821612
Effectiveness of Feature Extraction Techniques for Facial Identification
Prisilla, K. M., & Jayashri, N. (2025) · International Journal of Computational and Experimental Science and Engineering · doi:10.22399/ijcesen.822
A convolutional neural network face recognition algorithm based on bootstrapping
Jiang, W., & Li, Z. (2025) · doi:10.1117/12.3045854
Comprehensive Analysis of Face Recognition Technologies
Liu, B. (2025) · ITM Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/itmconf/20257003007
Application Framework for OpenHarmony Distributed Trusted Execution Environment
Wang, Y., Yu, Y., & Du, D. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-0055-7_15
Fusion of AI and blockchain for ensuring security and transparency in voting system
Azhaguramyaa, V. R., Janet, J., Akilesh, M. S., Chandrasekaran, M. R., Dharaneesh, P., & Divvyananth, K. (2025) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0246610
Enhancement of the Facial Recognition Module in the “Safe University” System through Adaptive Fine-Tuning
Denissova, N., Dyomina, I., Tlebaldinova, A., & Apayev, K. (2025) · Journal of Advances in Information Technology · doi:10.12720/jait.16.1.144-155
Curlingzero: Learning Curling Expert Tactical from Scratch Without Human KnowledgePreprint
Liu, G., Zhou, Q., Qi, G., & Jin, Y. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5128009
A new behavioral tracking system based on modified facial recognition technique
Mohammed, M. M., Rahma, A. M. S., & Al-Adhami, A. H. (2025) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0255981
On the Effectiveness of Heterogeneous Ensemble Methods for Re-Identification
Klüttermann, S., Rutinowski, J., Polachowski, F., Nguyen, A., Britta, G., Roidl, M., & Müller, E. (2024) · International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications · doi:10.1109/icmla61862.2024.00263
Research on face feature point detection algorithm under computer vision
Li, D., & Jiang, Y. (2025) · Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences · doi:10.2478/amns-2025-0503
Machines Unlearning
(2025) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478060529-005
The Color of Statistics
(2025) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478060529-003
Heteropoietic Computation
(2025) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478060529-002
Could AI Become Neurodivergent?
(2025) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478060529-004
Introduction: Deep Machines and Surfaces of Experience
Munster, A. (2025) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478060529-001
Notes
(2025) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478060529-008
References
(2025) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478060529-009
Postscript
(2025) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478060529-006
Authentication and Verification in Human-Robot Cooperative Robotic Cells using Stereo Vision and Gesture Control
Kovács, G., & Szirányi, T. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Applications and Systems (IPAS) · doi:10.1109/ipas63548.2025.10924562
Human Face Alignment Prediction With Complex Deep Network ModelPreprint
Gayathri, K., & Shree, S. B. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6271889/v1
An extensive study on generic facial recognition phases and classification of 2D algorithms
Kasinathan, S., & Natarajan, B. (2025) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0263263
Advanced Facial Recognition with Behavioural Analysis for Intelligent Security Monitoring
Changala, R., Yasaswi, K., Farooq, M., Khan, S. A., Kiran, A., & Muthuperumal, S. (2025) · International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Computing, Communication and Sustainable Technologies (ICAECT) · doi:10.1109/icaect63952.2025.10958827
Advanced Facial Recognition System: Integrating Gabor, Fourier, and Histogram of Oriented Gradients for Superior Feature Extraction
Mohammed, A. A., Al-Alawy, F., & Jehlol, H. B. (2025) · Information systems engineering and management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-89960-7_13
ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ РОБОТИ БАШТОВОГО КРАНА ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ АВТОМАТИЗОВАНИХ СИСТЕМ УПРАВЛІННЯ
Стефанов, В. О., & Дзержинський, І. (2025) · СУЧАСНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ В МАШИНОБУДУВАННІ ТА ТРАНСПОРТІ · doi:10.36910/automash.v1i24.1748
LSTM-based free-text keystroke dynamics for continuous authentication
Benoit Azanguezet, Q., Tatsoula, J. T., & Tagne, E. F. (2025) · International Journal of Computer Applications · doi:10.5120/ijca2025924780 · Cited by 1
A Multi-Algorithm Feature Extraction for Accurate and Efficient Face Recognition
Darmawan, M. A., Pane, I. Z., Kusnadi, A., Tobing, F. A. T., Winantyo, R., & Pomalingo, S. (2024) · Asia Conference on Cognitive Engineering and Intelligent Interaction (CEII) · doi:10.1109/ceii65291.2024.00056
Swarm Optimized Kernel Linear Discriminant Model for Human Facial Recognition
Damilare, O. S., Achimugu, P., Achimugu, O., SundayAdeola, A., Ademuwagun, A. K., Alabi, P. A., & Abraham, O. L. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-78928-1_12
Secure Attendance Tracking with Facial Recognition and Anti-Spoofing Technique
Prakash, L. S., Ahmad, Z., & Wasid, M. (2025) · OPJU International Technology Conference on Smart Computing for Innovation and Advancement in Industry (OTCON) · doi:10.1109/otcon65728.2025.11070977
Towards understanding human actions through long-short-term semantic motion encoding
Zhang, C., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Kong, C., Guo, B., Jin, J., Song, X., & Wang, W. (2025) · Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2025.111733
CNN-based quality assessment algorithm for physical education classroom teaching reform
Liu, X., & Yu, L. (2025) · Journal of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering · doi:10.1177/14727978251361028
Hybrid Approach for Image Processing Based on Convolutional Neural Network in Facial Recognition System
Pouamoun, I. A., Ngossaha, J. M., Ndoundam, R., Dtissibe, F. Y., Gueroui, A. M., & Ari, A. A. A. (2025) · Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-94439-0_9
The Application of Artificial Intelligence Facial Recognition Technology in Tourism Visual Marketing
Su, H., & Sun, S. (2025) · International Journal of Global Economics and Management · doi:10.62051/ijgem.v7n3.26
Confidence-Based Zero-Shot Out-of-Distribution Detection Via Self-LearningPreprint
Todescato, M. V., & Carbonera, J. L. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5384585
Leveraging enhanced dimensionality reduction techniques for biometric profiling and verification: subspace-adaptive autoencoder vector (SAAV) systems
Sierra-Arquero, S., Paricio‐Garcia, A., López-Carmona, M. A., & Manglano-Redondo, P. (2025) · Engineering Computations · doi:10.1108/ec-09-2024-0898
Public Attitudes Towards Police Use of Ai-Driven Face Recognition TechnologyPreprint
Σαγανά, Ά., Zhang, M., & Sauerland, M. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5396601
A Comparative Analysis of Biometric Face Recognition Algorithms
Verma, S., Debnath, S., Kumar, J., & Mohapatra, R. K. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-3797-3_29
Survey of loss functions for training deep-learning models in computer vision, categorized based on tasks, metric-forms and learning paradigmsPreprint
Das, S., Verma, R., Sarkar, A., Gupta, S., Thakur, S., Padnekar, M., Jain, S., Keshari, A., Kumari, P., & Banerjee, S. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5422006
Caricature Image Generation from Near-Infrared Facial Images
Maeng, J., Lee, H., Lee, H. C., & Park, I. K. (2025) · International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications (ITC-CSCC) · doi:10.1109/itc-cscc66376.2025.11137712
An optimal hybrid deep learning-aided facial emotion detection and classification scheme to identify criminal activities
Prabha, B., Poonkodi, M., & Joseph, L. (2025) · Automatika · doi:10.1080/00051144.2025.2560147
A Dissection of Factors Influencing Face Recognition Technologies
Ezekiel, O. T., Hussain, S., Saeed, K., Baimagambetov, A., Fachkha, C., & Rab, S. (2025) · Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-05832-4_11
Cloud-Based Face-Swapping Application
Bello, R.-W., Owolawi, P. A., Tu, C., & Wyk, E. V. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-6438-2_12
Design-driven Deception of Face Recognition: An Empirical Study
Petrelli, D., Dulake, N., Molinari, G., & Ciravegna, F. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3769675
An Approximation Edit Distance (AED) Algorithm for Recognition of Partially Occluded Faces
Krishnaveni, B., & Sridhar, S. (2025) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-5589-2_4
Introduction to Social Psychology in Action : Addressing the Critical Issues of Our Time and Implications of Removing AI Safeguards
Ma, D. S. (2025) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.70105
Adaptive method of biometric authentication, AC-CNN based on convolutional neural networks under conditions of partially available biometric data
Badovinac, N., & Simić, D. (2025) · International Workshop on Engineering Technologies and Computer Science (EnT) · doi:10.1109/ent68818.2025.11245710
Improving Face Detection Accuracy for Automated Time Attendance System with DeepFace
Wongso, H. F., Susantio, K. A., Gunawan, A. A. S., & Pradana, R. C. (2025) · doi:10.1109/iceeie66203.2025.11252344
Experiments of Face Recognition Deep Learning Net Architecture Using Different Efficient Nearest Neighbor Models and Similarity Threshold
Ramadani, A., Asmara, R. A., & Rosiani, U. D. (2025) · doi:10.1109/iceeie66203.2025.11253644
Robust Person Identification via Multi-View Nose Images and Dimensionality Reduced Deep Features
Katkar, V. D., Hingmire, A., Golande, A. L., & Bhutnal, V. H. (2025) · Asian Conference on Innovation in Technology (ASIANCON) · doi:10.1109/asiancon66527.2025.11280827
Data Privacy Case Studies in the European Union
Fudge, T. P. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-3186-7.ch012
Ai Virtual Inspection and Environmental Monitoring Platform
Jiawen, G., Azman, A., Jazri, H., Sangodiah, A., & Hussain, K. (2025) · International Conference on Emerging Trends in Networks and Computer Communications (ETNCC) · doi:10.1109/etncc66224.2025.11299743
Resilient Aviation Security: A Hybrid Approach Combining Facial and Appearance Recognition
Jevčák, J., Келемен, М., & Jusko, J. M. (2025) · New Trends in Aviation Development (NTAD) · doi:10.1109/ntad67887.2025.11302575
Investigating Adversarial Robustness Against Preprocessing Used in Blackbox Face Recognition
Croft, R., Du, B., Joseph, D., & Kumar, S. (2025) · International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA) · doi:10.1109/dicta68720.2025.11302421
IoT-Based Face Recognition Robot Implementation for Surveillance Applications
Iyer, R. S., Tripathi, A. K., & Agarwal, S. (2026) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-8690-2_29
Reinforcement Training of Face Recognition Systems Using Morphing and XAI Methods
Gallardo-Cava, R., Ortega-delCampo, D., Alonso, D. P., Moguerza, J. M., Conde, C., & Cabello, E. (2026) · IET Biometrics · doi:10.1049/bme2/7897011
Implementation and intelligent path exploration of multimodal large model architecture for open-pit coal mine production
Zhiqing, G. U. O., Liu, G., Chai, S., Liu, W., & Jiang, F. (2026) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2026.109283 · Cited by 2
Investigating Methods to Safeguard Facial Recognition and Other Biometric Data to Address Privacy Concerns Using Deep Learning
Jyothsna, K., Srivani, N., Devi, K. Y., Anusha, P., Chary, P. D., & Ramkumar, Y. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Advanced Computing Technologies (ICACT) · doi:10.1109/icact67549.2025.11351484
Personalized AI-Based Outfit Recommendation System
Mate, N., Nangare, S., Banchhor, C. B., Patil, A., Kulkarni, O. S., & Pandit, P. (2026) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-9716-8_7
Face Recognition Based on Triangle Model Background Removal and DCT Pyramid decomposition
Alane, B., Mosbah, D., & Hellal, L. (2025) · International Conference on Applied Automation and Industrial Diagnostics (ICAAID) · doi:10.1109/icaaid68975.2025.11357992
Real-time Facial Recognition Systems: A Survey of Techniques, Applications and Challenges
Abdullah, M., & Khalil, M. (2025) · International Conference on Digital Futures and Transformative Technologies (ICoDT2) · doi:10.1109/icodt269104.2025.11360711
Extracting Meaningful Insights from User Research Videos
Ghatoray, S. K., & Li, Y. (2026) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2026.2619613
Adaptive bit placement for dual biometric using signature and finger print for DWT-DCT picture steganography
Bhattacharya, A., Welekar, A. R., Sarkar, P., Bose, R., Roy, S., & Mitra, A. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-37827-x
A New Approach for Standardized Zero-Shot Face Verification Using Siamese Neural Networks with Dynamic Thresholding
Özdem, M. (2025) · European Journal of Technic · doi:10.36222/ejt.1788087
FlexFR: A Deployment-Oriented Modular Face Recognition System with Real-Time Dynamic Identity Expansion
Phuong, B. T., Nguyen, L. V., Vo, Q. T., Nguyen, H. A. V., & Bui, C. V. (2025) · International Conference on Computing, Communication, Perception and Quantum Technology (CCPQT) · doi:10.1109/ccpqt66408.2025.11383396
PRICE IMPROVEMENT USING FACIAL RECOGNITION SYSTEM
Муссай, А. (2025) · Economics Profession Business · doi:10.14258/epb202559
The Evolution of Face Recognition: Tackling New Challenges with Innovative Algorithms and Expanding Applications: A ReviewPreprint
Rahmani, A. A., Hosseyni, S. R., & Rezaei, E. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.6301467
Face Liveness Detector: An Innovative Approach for Capturing Face and Hand-Gestures
Selvi, K., Sathish, M., Sam Solomon, R., Sachin, S., V, Rakesh Kumar, S., & Shai Kumar, R. (2026) · International Conference on Intelligent and Innovative Technologies in Computing, Electrical and Electronics (IITCEE) · doi:10.1109/iitcee67948.2026.11394692
Application of Arcface and support vector machine in face recognition
Dung, D. T., Binh, N. T., & Hung, P. N. T. (2025) · Journal of Science Technology and Engineering Mien Tay Construction University · doi:10.66195/mtu.2025.15.130
Design and Implementation of an Embedded System for Vehicle Anti-Theft Using Face Recognition and Live Location Tracking on Raspberry PiPreprint
Elshenawy, A., Abdelnaby, K. M., Rohaim, M. A., Mohamed, A., Shalaldeh, A., & AL-Essa, M. (2026) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-8964937/v1
Intelligent Multimodal Sentiment Recognition System Based on Face Emotional Recognition and Text Emotional Analysis
Cai, L., Zhang, Z., Cheng, Z., & Wu, Y. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science and Information Processing (AICSIP) · doi:10.1109/aicsip65423.2025.11427193
Hybrid Face Recognition Model for Student Attendance Tracking Using Deep Learning
Maharajpet, S. S., Mithun, G., & Roy, R. (2025) · International Conference on Transformative Computing Technologies (ICTCT) · doi:10.1109/ictct69201.2025.00044
Triangle-Based Background Removal and Statistical Feature Extraction for Robust Face Recognition
Alane, B., Mosbah, D., & Hellal, L. (2025) · International Conference on Power Electronics and their Applications (ICPEA) · doi:10.1109/icpea68903.2025.11452769
Towards automatic understanding of narrative audiovisual content
Reboud, A. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/7b1296fez9f91z4484z8448z8040d28ab833
Privacy-preserving biometric recognition systems with advanced cryptographic techniques
Ibarrondo, A. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/03346b6bz60fdz4d67z9e34z95b762a878bb
An RFID-Assisted Machine Learning Approach for Robust Face Recognition
Islam, A., Chowdury, A. F., Mamun, A. A., & Bhuiyan, N. H. (2026) · International Symposium on Digital Forensics and Security (ISDFS) · doi:10.1109/isdfs69419.2026.11459042
Traitement dans le domaine chiffré par l'intelligence artificielle
Saj, R. E. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/fc22f63dze074z433dz9f5ezcd79b43ba3d8
Design and Development of an Intelligent Access Control System Using Real-Time Facial Recognition for Smart Door Automation
Labaran, H. L., Muhammad, U. S., Umar, U. S., Rana, M. E., & Daradara, A. S. (2025) · International Conference on Emerging Innovation and Digital Technology (ICEIDT) · doi:10.1109/iceidt66693.2025.11473431
"I Feel More Worried About My Privacy" Public Perceptions of Biometric Traces in Everyday Interactions
Saad, A., Winterhalter, V., Strauss, M. D., & Schneegaß, S. (2026) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3772363.3798601
The Environment: Scanning, Surveilling, and Sensing
McBreen, B., Handa, P., Cannon, C., Molina, M., Garcia-Perez, A., Bedford, D., & Herman, L. (2026) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83753-890-420261009
Real-Time Performance of Hybrid Multi-Face Recognition Systems for IoT Devices Using Different CNN Architectures
Abdullahu, S., Kadriu, A., & Piangerelli, M. (2026) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Computer, Data Sciences and Applications (ACDSA) · doi:10.1109/acdsa67686.2026.11467903
Facial Age Estimation Using Pretrained Deep Neural Networks: A Comparative Study
Gharbi, A., Gattal, A., Bendib, I., & chams, A. (2025) · IEEE International Multi-Conference on Smart Systems & Green Process (IMC-SSGP) · doi:10.1109/imc-ssgp67001.2025.11474057
Advanced Real-Time Face Recognition: Leveraging LBPH and OpenCV for Enhanced Accuracy and Efficiency
Keyal, P. K., Yadav, B. K., Reshma, & Saini, S. S. (2025) · International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Electronics and Green Energy (ICETEG) · doi:10.1109/iceteg66194.2025.11472825
Face Spoof Detection on Unimodal RGB Data Using Deep Residual Networks
Aliyev, M., Kumar, P., & Rawat, S. (2026) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-20114-0_38
Improving iris biometric pattern super-resolution using edge focused generative adversarial network
Narimani, H., Seyedarabi, H., & Razavi, S. N. (2026) · Biomedical Signal Processing and Control · doi:10.1016/j.bspc.2026.110520
Smart Security Framework: A Pose-Aware Multi-Stage Enrollment and Recognition System
Khan, M. A., Hussain, A., Rahim, M. A., Hussain, I., Mustafa, A., & Rani, Z. (2026) · International Conference on Data Science, Machine Learning, and Intelligence (DataSciMI) · doi:10.1109/datascimi67380.2026.11523767
High-performance contrastive learning and ensemble swin transformers for scalable pose-invariant facial expression recognition
Alghamdi, A. M., Ashraf, M. U., Bahaddad, A. A. S., Almarhabi, K. A., & Shehri, W. A. A. (2026) · Alexandria Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.aej.2026.05.041

Authors: Kortli, Y., Jridi, M., Al Falou, A., & Atri, M.
Affiliations: University of Monastir (TN)
AI-ED Department, Yncrea Ouest, 20 rue du Cuirassé de Bretagne, 29200 Brest, France
King Khalid University (SA)
Corresponding author: Kortli, Yassin
ORCID: Kortli, Yassin
Jridi, Maher
Atri, Mohamed
Venue: Sensors
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2020-01-07
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Pages: 342
ISSN: 1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/s20020342
PMC: PMC7013584
OpenAlex: W2999711171
Cited by: 623
References: 128
Citations by year: 2026: 44 · 2025: 113 · 2024: 118 · 2023: 145 · 2022: 107 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 15
FWCI: 33.82
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
dx.doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
HAL (submittedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face and Expression Recognition
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face recognition and analysis
Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Biometric Identification and Security
Keywords: face recognition, holistic face recognition, face recognition databases, video surveillance, access control, unmanned vehicles, recognition robustness
MeSH terms: Facial Recognition, Algorithms, Humans, Pattern Recognition, Automated, Surveys and Questionnaires, Neural Networks, Computer, Databases as Topic, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Principal Component Analysis

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Face Recognition Systems: A Survey

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks