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Cited by 23Sensor Technology and Measurement SystemsAnalog and Mixed-Signal Circuit DesignAdvanced Sensor Technologies Research

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Two Proposals of a Simple Analog Conditioning Circuit for Remote Resistive Sensors with a Three-Wire Connection

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Reverter, Ferran·2024·Sensors
DOI 10.3390/s24020422PMC PMC10819620
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Abstract

This article proposes and experimentally characterizes two implementations of a novel front-end circuit for three-wire connected resistive sensors with a wire-resistance compensation. The first implementation relies on two twin diodes, whereas the second on a switch; in both cases, those devices are non-remote (i.e., they are placed at the circuit end). The two circuit proposals have a square-wave input excitation so that a constant current with the two polarities is alternatively generated. Then, depending on that polarity, the current goes through either the sensor and the wire parasitic resistances or just the parasitic resistances. This generates a square-wave bipolar output signal whose average value, which is obtained by a low-pass filter, is proportional to the sensor resistance and only depends on the mismatch between two of the three wire resistances involved. Experimental tests applied to resistances related to a Pt100 thermal sensor show a remarkable linearity. For example, the switch-based front-end circuit offers a non-linearity error lower than 0.01% full-scale span, and this is practically insensitive to both the presence and the mismatch between the wire resistances.

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Figure 1 Proposed front-end circuit for a three-wire connected resistive sensor. (a) First proposal based on a couple of twin diodes. (b) Second proposal based on a switch. (c) Waveform of the voltage at the main nodes in the circuits shown in (a,b).
Figure 1 Proposed front-end circuit for a three-wire connected resistive sensor. (a) First proposal based on a couple of twin diodes. (b) Second proposal based on a switch. (c) Waveform of the voltage at the main nodes in the circuits shown in (a,b).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Experimental waveform of the voltage at the main nodes of the circuit proposed in Figure 1b for a sensor resistance equal to (a) 63 Ω, (b) 186 Ω, and (c) 267 Ω. The horizontal scale is 200 µs/div, whereas the vertical scale is 1 V/div, 100 mV/div, and 50 mV/div for vin, vo1, and vo2, respectively.
Figure 2 Experimental waveform of the voltage at the main nodes of the circuit proposed in Figure 1b for a sensor resistance equal to (a) 63 Ω, (b) 186 Ω, and (c) 267 Ω. The horizontal scale is 200 µs/div, whereas the vertical scale is 1 V/div, 100 mV/div, and 50 mV/div for vin, vo1, and vo2, respectively.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 I/O characteristic of the circuit in Figure 1a for scenario #1 and the non-linearity error.
Figure 3 I/O characteristic of the circuit in Figure 1a for scenario #1 and the non-linearity error.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 I/O characteristic of the circuit in Figure 1a for scenario #2 and the non-linearity error.
Figure 4 I/O characteristic of the circuit in Figure 1a for scenario #2 and the non-linearity error.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 I/O characteristic of the circuit in Figure 1a for scenario #4 and the non-linearity error.
Figure 5 I/O characteristic of the circuit in Figure 1a for scenario #4 and the non-linearity error.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 I/O characteristic of the circuit in Figure 1b for scenario #1 and the non-linearity error.
Figure 6 I/O characteristic of the circuit in Figure 1b for scenario #1 and the non-linearity error.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 I/O characteristic of the circuit in Figure 1b for scenario #2 and the non-linearity error.
Figure 7 I/O characteristic of the circuit in Figure 1b for scenario #2 and the non-linearity error.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 8 I/O characteristic of the circuit in Figure 1b for scenario #4 and the non-linearity error.
Figure 8 I/O characteristic of the circuit in Figure 1b for scenario #4 and the non-linearity error.CC BY · PubMed Central

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References 18 · Cited by 23

Research works printed but not linked: 19

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Metadata

Authors
Reverter, F.
Affiliations
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (ES)
Corresponding author
Reverter, Ferran
ORCID
Reverter, Ferran
Venue
Sensors
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2024-01-10
Volume
24
Issue
2
Pages
422
ISSN
1424-8220 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/s24020422
PMC
PMC10819620
OpenAlex
W4390703109
Cited by
23
References
18
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 5
FWCI
3.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Sensors (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Advanced Sensor Technologies Research
Keywords
front-end circuit, square wave excitation, low-pass filtering, nonlinearity error

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Two Proposals of a Simple Analog Conditioning Circuit for Remote Resistive Sensors with a Three-Wire Connection. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3390/s24020422
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Reverter, F. (2024). Two Proposals of a Simple Analog Conditioning Circuit for Remote Resistive Sensors with a Three-Wire Connection. Sensors. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020422