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Removal of Azo Dyes from Aqueous Effluent Using Bio-Based Activated Carbons: Toxicity Aspects and Environmental Impact

Ali, Ahmed Elsayid, Chowdhury, Zaira Zaman, Devnath, Ramprosad, Ahmed, Md. Mostak, Rahman, Md. Mahfujur, Khalid, Khalisanni, Wahab, Yasmin Abdul, Badruddin, Irfan Anjum, Kamangar, Sarfaraz, Hussien, Mohamed, Pallan, Khalid Husain, Mitra, Ajita·2023·Separations
DOI 10.3390/separations10090506
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Abstract

Rapid growth in various industrial fields has introduced a series of new environmental risks. The textile industry is one of the major industries that is influenced by rapid advancements in technological sectors. The development in textile dying technologies has presented new types of dyes that are toxic to the ecosystem. Azo dyes are the main artificial dyes used in textiles, food, and other applications. Typically, these dyes are introduced into the environment as wastewater discharged from factories. The discharged influence penetrates the ecosystem and causes deadly diseases to human and animals. Several studies present activated carbon as a proper solution to eliminating the presence of azo dyes in the environment. However, various types of azo dye have different properties and chemical structures. Thus, there is a crucial need for more studies on the application of activated carbons to eliminate the presence of azo dyes in the environment. This paper discusses the toxic effects of azo dyes on the environment and human health. Moreover, this work presents a general review of the preparation of activated carbon and the parameters that influence the adsorption performance.

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  • Azo dyes present in industrial effluents can potentially come into contact with humans and other mammals through two primary routes: oral consumption and direct skin contact.

    “Azo dyes present in industrial effluents can potentially come into contact with humans and other mammals through two primary routes: oral consumption and direct skin contact [79].”

    From Recent Advances in the Remediation of Textile-Dye-Containing Wastewater: Prioritizing Human Health and Sustainable Wastewater Treatment (2024) · cites this paper as [79]

    Section 2.1 says azo dyes in industrial effluents can enter the food chain and human body, and discusses exposure through ingestion. Section 2.4 describes a goat exposed through contaminated food and water. Neither passage supports direct skin contact as a route or establishes that oral consumption and skin contact are the two primary routes. (LLM, conf=0.83)

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Metadata

Authors
Ali, A. E., Chowdhury, Z. Z., Devnath, R., Ahmed, M. M., Rahman, M. M., Khalid, K., Wahab, Y. A., Badruddin, I. A., Kamangar, S., Hussien, M., Pallan, K. H., & Mitra, A.
Venue
Separations
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2023-09-15
Volume
10
Issue
9
Pages
506
ISSN
2297-8739
DOI
10.3390/separations10090506
Cited by
60
References
3
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • King Khalid University (R.G.P 1/244/44, ST 077-2022, ST-055-2022)
  • Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Center, at University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur (R.G.P 1/244/44, ST 077-2022, ST-055-2022)

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