Mechanism Between Physical Activity and Academic Anxiety: Evidence from Pakistan
Open accessAbstract
A plethora of research has explored the benefits of physical activities on several variables such as academic performances, quality of life, fitness, levels of stress, and depression. However, less research considered the impact of physical activity on academic anxiety, self-enhancement, and self-criticism. This study examines the influence of physical activity on academic anxiety with self-enhancement and self-criticism playing a mediating role. Data for this model has been collected by using structured questionnaires administered to 418 Pakistani university students (undergraduate, graduate and post-graduate) aged between 18 and 36 years old. Structural equation modeling through analysis of moment structures (AMOS) was applied to find that physical activity significantly reduces academic anxiety and self-criticism, and it develops self-enhancement. Further, self-enhancement was negatively associated with academic anxiety while self-criticism is directly related to academic anxiety. More importantly, self-enhancement and self-criticism partially mediated between physical activity and academic anxiety of university students in Pakistan. This research recommends governments to support physical activity programs for university students.
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Kayani et al. (2020) demonstrated that depression reduction (r = 0.61 with anxiety) improved GPA.
“(Kayani et al., 2020) demonstrating depression reduction (r = 0.61 with anxiety) improved GPA.”
From Anxiety, Academic Performance, and Physical Activity in University Students: A Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as Kayani et al., 2020
Kayani et al. (2020) noted that exercise-related depression reduction correlated with academic improvement.
“(Kayani et al., 2020), similarly noted that exercise-related depression reduction correlated with academic improvement.”
From Anxiety, Academic Performance, and Physical Activity in University Students: A Scoping Review (2025) · cites this paper as Kayani et al., 2020
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- Authors
- Kayani, S., Wang, J., Biasutti, M., Zagalaz Sánchez, M. L., Kiyani, T., & Kayani, S.
- Affiliations
- Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University (PK)
- Zhejiang University (CN)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Department of Didactics of Plastic and Body Musical Expression, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaén, Spain
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Jin
- Biasutti, Michele
- Venue
- Sustainability
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-04-29
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3595
- ISSN
- 2071-1050 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3021540527
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 4.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Sustainability (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Zhejiang University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Keywords
- physical activity, academic anxiety, self-enhancement, self-criticism, mediating effect, university students, student mental health, Pakistan
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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