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Bacillus subtilis Synthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) Induced Metabolic and Anti-Oxidative Response in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Arsenic Stress

Khan, Sehresh, Akhtar, Nazneen, Rehman, Shafiq Ur, Shujah, Shaukat, Rha, Eui Shik, Jamil, Muhammad·2022·Toxics
DOI 10.3390/toxics10100618PMC PMC9606974
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Abstract

Nanoparticle (NP) application is most effective in decreasing metalloid toxicity. The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of Bacillus subtiles synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) against arsenic (As) stress on rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings. Different concentrations of As (5, 10 and 15 ppm) and Bacillus subtilis synthesized Fe3O4 NPs solution (5, 10 and 15 ppm) alone and in combination were applied to rice seedlings. The results showed that As at 15 ppm significantly decreased the growth of rice, which was increased by the low level of As. Results indicated that B. subtilis synthesized Fe3O4 NP-treated plants showed maximum chlorophyll land protein content as compared with arsenic treatment alone. The antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, POD, CAT, MDA and APX and stress modulators (Glycine betain and proline) also showed decreased content in plants as compared with As stress. Subsequently, Bacillus subtilis synthesized Fe3O4 NPs reduced the stress associated parameters due to limited passage of arsenic inside the plant. Furthermore, reduction in H2O2 and MDA content confirmed that the addition of Bacillus subtilis synthesized Fe3O4 NPs under As stress protected rice seedlings against arsenic toxicity, hence enhanced growth was notice and it had beneficial effects on the plant. Results highlighted that Fe3O4 NPs protect rice seedlings against arsenic stress by reducing As accumulation, act as a nano adsorbent and restricting arsenic uptake in rice plants. Hence, our study confirms the significance of Bacillus subtilis synthesized Fe3O4 NPs in alleviating As toxicity in rice plants.

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Figure 1 Effect of Bacillus subtilis-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles on the cellular injury of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in arsenic contaminated water. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments.
Figure 1 Effect of Bacillus subtilis-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles on the cellular injury of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in arsenic contaminated water. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Effect of Bacillus subtilis-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles on TSS (a) and TSP (b) content of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in arsenic contaminated water. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments.
Figure 2 Effect of Bacillus subtilis-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles on TSS (a) and TSP (b) content of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in arsenic contaminated water. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Effect of Bacillus subtilis synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles on proline (a–c) and Glycine betain (d–f) content of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in arsenic-contaminated water. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments.
Figure 3 Effect of Bacillus subtilis synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles on proline (a–c) and Glycine betain (d–f) content of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in arsenic-contaminated water. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Effect of Bacillus subtilis synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles on SOD and POD content of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in arsenic-contaminated water. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments.
Figure 4 Effect of Bacillus subtilis synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles on SOD and POD content of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in arsenic-contaminated water. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Effect of Bacillus subtilis synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles on CAT and APX content of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in arsenic contaminated water. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments.
Figure 5 Effect of Bacillus subtilis synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles on CAT and APX content of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in arsenic contaminated water. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Effect of Bacillus subtilis synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles on MDA and H2O2 content of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in arsenic contaminated water. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments.
Figure 6 Effect of Bacillus subtilis synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles on MDA and H2O2 content of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in arsenic contaminated water. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 Effect of Bacillus subtilis-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles on the arsenic content of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in arsenic contaminated water. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments.
Figure 7 Effect of Bacillus subtilis-synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles on the arsenic content of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in arsenic contaminated water. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Cited by

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Metadata

Authors
Khan, S., Akhtar, N., Rehman, S. U., Shujah, S., Rha, E. S., & Jamil, M.
Venue
Toxics
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2022-10-18
Volume
10
Issue
10
Pages
618
ISSN
2305-6304
DOI
10.3390/toxics10100618
PMC
PMC9606974
Cited by
27
References
0
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan (4372)

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