Cited by 66Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicalsToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research

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The Relationship between Typical Environmental Endocrine Disruptors and Kidney Disease

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Zhang, Xing, Flaws, Jodi A., Spinella, Michael J., Irudayaraj, Joseph·2022·Toxics

DOI 10.3390/toxics11010032PMC PMC9863798

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Abstract

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances that alter the endocrine function of an organism, to result in adverse effects on growth and development, metabolism, and reproductive function. The kidney is one of the most important organs in the urinary system and an accumulation point. Studies have shown that EDCs can cause proteinuria, affect glomeruli and renal tubules, and even lead to diabetes and renal fibrosis in animal and human studies. In this review, we discuss renal accumulation of select EDCs such as dioxins, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), bisphenol A (BPA), and phthalates, and delineate how exposures to such EDCs cause renal lesions and diseases, including cancer. The regulation of typical EDCs with specific target genes and the activation of related pathways are summarized.

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Figure 1 Common sources of EDCs.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 2 General structure of select EDCs. (a): Dioxin; (b): BPA; (c): PFAS; (d): Phthalate.CC BY · PubMed Central

Figure 3 Diseases/conditions triggered due to exposure to EDCs.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Authors: Zhang, X., Flaws, J. A., Spinella, M. J., & Irudayaraj, J.
Affiliations: University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
Corresponding author: Irudayaraj, Joseph
ORCID: Flaws, Jodi A.
Spinella, Michael J.
Irudayaraj, Joseph
Venue: Toxics
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2022-12-29
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Pages: 32
ISSN: 2305-6304 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010032
PMC: PMC9863798
OpenAlex: W4313362030
Cited by: 63
References: 206
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 8
FWCI: 1.24
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Toxics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders: External Research Board, OVCRI, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (R01ES034112-01A1)
NIEHS (R01ES034112-01A1)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
Keywords: endocrine disruptors, kidney disease, dioxins, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, bisphenol A, phthalates, proteinuria, glomerular lesions, renal tubules, renal fibrosis, kidney cancer, renal accumulation, target genes, signaling pathways

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The Relationship between Typical Environmental Endocrine Disruptors and Kidney Disease

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