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Host Immune Response Driving SARS-CoV-2 Evolution

Wang, Rui, Hozumi, Yuta, Zheng, Yong-Hui, Yin, Changchuan, Wei, Guo-Wei·2020·Viruses
DOI 10.3390/v12101095PMC PMC7599751
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Abstract

The transmission and evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are of paramount importance in controlling and combating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Currently, over 15,000 SARS-CoV-2 single mutations have been recorded, which have a great impact on the development of diagnostics, vaccines, antibody therapies, and drugs. However, little is known about SARS-CoV-2’s evolutionary characteristics and general trend. In this work, we present a comprehensive genotyping analysis of existing SARS-CoV-2 mutations. We reveal that host immune response via APOBEC and ADAR gene editing gives rise to near 65% of recorded mutations. Additionally, we show that children under age five and the elderly may be at high risk from COVID-19 because of their overreaction to the viral infection. Moreover, we uncover that populations of Oceania and Africa react significantly more intensively to SARS-CoV-2 infection than those of Europe and Asia, which may explain why African Americans were shown to be at increased risk of dying from COVID-19, in addition to their high risk of COVID-19 infection caused by systemic health and social inequities. Finally, our study indicates that for two viral genome sequences of the same origin, their evolution order may be determined from the ratio of mutation type, C > T over T > C.

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Metadata

Authors
Wang, R., Hozumi, Y., Zheng, Y.-H., Yin, C., & Wei, G.-W.
Affiliations
  • Department of Mathematics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
  • Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
  • Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
ORCID
Venue
Viruses
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2020-09-27
Volume
12
Issue
10
Pages
1095
ISSN
1999-4915
DOI
10.3390/v12101095
PMC
PMC7599751
Cited by
74
References
2
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Funders
  • Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (GM126189, AI145504)
  • Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing, National Science Foundation (DMS-1721024, DMS-1761320, and IIS1900473)

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