Cited by 95Toxoplasma gondii Research StudiesCoccidia and coccidiosis researchParasitic infections in humans and animals

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Advances in Toxoplasma gondii Vaccines: Current Strategies and Challenges for Vaccine Development

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Chu, Ki-Back, Quan, Fu-Shi·2021·Vaccines

DOI 10.3390/vaccines9050413PMC PMC8143161

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Abstract

Toxoplasmosis, caused by the apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii, is one of the most damaging parasite-borne zoonotic diseases of global importance. While approximately one-third of the entire world’s population is estimated to be infected with T. gondii, an effective vaccine for human use remains unavailable. Global efforts in pursuit of developing a T. gondii vaccine have been ongoing for decades, and novel innovative approaches have been introduced to aid this process. A wide array of vaccination strategies have been conducted to date including, but not limited to, nucleic acids, protein subunits, attenuated vaccines, and nanoparticles, which have been assessed in rodents with promising results. Yet, translation of these in vivo results into clinical studies remains a major obstacle that needs to be overcome. In this review, we will aim to summarize the current advances in T. gondii vaccine strategies and address the challenges hindering vaccine development.

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Figure 1 Brief diagram depicting T. gondii target antigens and the vaccine platforms used to assess their efficacies in animal models.CC BY · PubMed Central

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Authors: Chu, K.-B., & Quan, F.-S.
Affiliations: Kyung Hee University (KR)
Corresponding author: Quan, Fu-Shi
ORCID: Chu, Ki-Back
Quan, Fu-Shi
Venue: Vaccines
Publisher: MDPI AG
Published: 2021-04-21
Volume: 9
Issue: 5
Pages: 413
ISSN: 2076-393X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050413
PMC: PMC8143161
OpenAlex: W3152765551
Cited by: 92
References: 118
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 7
FWCI: 2.50
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: Vaccines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders: National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) (2018R1A6A1A03025124)
Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (HV20C0085, HV20C0142)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Coccidia and coccidiosis research
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasitic infections in humans and animals
Keywords: Toxoplasma gondii, toxoplasmosis, vaccine development, zoonotic parasitic disease, nucleic acid vaccines, subunit vaccine, live attenuated vaccine, nanoparticle vaccine, clinical translation

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Advances in Toxoplasma gondii Vaccines: Current Strategies and Challenges for Vaccine Development

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