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Challenges of Storage and Stability of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines
Open accessAbstract
In December 2019, a new and highly pathogenic coronavirus emerged—coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), quickly spread throughout the world. In response to this global pandemic, a few vaccines were allowed for emergency use, beginning in November 2020, of which the mRNA-based vaccines by Moderna (Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA) and BioNTech (BioTech, Mainz, Germany)/Pfizer (Pfizer, New York, NY, USA) have been identified as the most effective ones. The mRNA platform allowed rapid development of vaccines, but their global use is limited by ultracold storage requirements. Most resource-poor countries do not have cold chain storage to execute mass vaccination. Therefore, determining strategies to increase stability of mRNA-based vaccines in relatively higher temperatures can be a game changer to address the current global pandemic and upcoming new waves. In this review, we summarized the current research strategies to enhance stability of the RNA vaccine delivery system.
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In the citing paper
“The degradation of mRNA in the presence of water, attributed to oxidation and hydrolysis43, required mRNA vaccines to be stored and transported at subzero temperatures.”
From An Omicron-specific, self-amplifying mRNA booster vaccine for COVID-19: a phase 2/3 randomized trial (2024) · cites this paper as [43]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“For instance, the mRNA-1273 vaccine from Moderna maintains its effectiveness for six months at −20 °C, whereas the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 vaccine from BioNTech is maintained for six months when stored at −60 to −80 °C. Conversely, the CVnCoV vaccine from CureVac can be stored at −60 °C for three months.”
From Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development (2022) · cites this paper as [469]
In the citing paper
“Therefore, existing COVID-19 mRNA vaccines undoubtedly require storage under ultra-low temperatures.469”
From Advances in COVID-19 mRNA vaccine development (2022) · cites this paper as [469]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Uddin, M. N., & Roni, M. A.
- Affiliations
- Mercer University (US)
- Peoria campus of the University of Illinois System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Roni, Monzurul A.
- Venue
- Vaccines
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2021-09-17
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1033
- ISSN
- 2076-393X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8473088
- OpenAlex
- W3200035370
- Cited by
- 371
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 50 · 2025: 92 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 6.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Vaccines (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Interference and Gene Delivery
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
- Keywords
- mRNA vaccines, COVID-19 vaccines, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine stability, cold chain storage, storage temperature, vaccine delivery systems, mRNA degradation, resource-poor countries, mass vaccination
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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