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Cited by 67Urban Stormwater Management SolutionsHeavy metals in environmentHeavy Metal Pollution Remediation

Removal of heavy metals from urban stormwater runoff using bioretention media mix

Open access
Wang, Jianlong, Zhao, Yuanling, Yang, Liqiong, Tu, Nannan, Xi, Guangpeng, Fang, Xing·2017·Water
DOI 10.3390/w9110854
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Abstract

Heavy metals from urban stormwater runoff are important sources of surface water pollutants. Sand, zeolite, sandy loam, and quartz-sand were separately mixed with lignin to form four bioretention media mixes for experimental study using synthetic stormwater runoff. The average removal efficiencies of four heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) by the four media mixes were all better than 97% at the optimum pH of 6.05 (ranging from 6 to 8) and the seven-day rainfall-event interval. The influence of the influent concentration and the rainfall-event interval on the removal efficiency of heavy metals by the four media mixes was not significant, but the variation of the removal efficiencies at the four-day rainfall-event interval was large. Under acidic conditions, there was a certain heavy metal dissolution in the four reactors, but the effect on the removal efficiency was minor. Heavy metals were present in the media mainly in the form of the residual fraction (>50%). The accumulation of Cu, Zn, and Cd in the surface planting-soil layer (same humus and sandy-loam mixture for all reactors) was significantly larger than the accumulation at deeper depths but not for Pb. Overall, the heavy metal removal efficiencies by the four media mixes were not significantly different, and the choice of the planting-soil layer can become the control factor of heavy metal removal.

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  • Most studies concerning filter material in stormwater bioretention test alternative low-cost materials or adsorbents.

    “or III) Test alternative low-cost materials or adsorbents (e.g. red soil, perlite, vermiculite, coco-peat, construction waste etc.) (e.g. Vijayaraghavan et al., 2010; Wang et al., 2017).”

    From Dissolved metal adsorption capacities and fractionation in filter materials for use in stormwater bioretention facilities (2019) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2017

    The introduction (section “Cu Pb Cd Zn”; page unavailable) says this study tests four alternative bioretention media mixes, so Wang et al. is an appropriate example of that type of study. The copy does not establish that most filter-material studies test low-cost alternatives; it says instead that bioretention studies have mostly examined a single medium. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In the one study that addressed fractionation in bioretention systems, metals were mainly trapped (>50%) in the residual fraction.

    “The results indicated that metals were mainly trapped (>50%) in the residual fraction, but the tests were restricted to filter material mixes with lignin in lab-scale bioretention columns (Wang et al., 2017).”

    From Dissolved metal adsorption capacities and fractionation in filter materials for use in stormwater bioretention facilities (2019) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2017

    The Summary and Conclusions state that heavy metals in the bioretention media were mainly in the residual fraction (F5). Section 3.5.2 reports 66.1% for Zn, and Section 2.2 identifies lignin in all four experimental media mixes. The passages found do not establish the claimed >50% threshold for every metal. (LLM, conf=0.82)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • In a laboratory-scale study of Cd removal by four bioretention filter materials (fine sand, zeolite, sand and quartz sand), accumulated Cd was detected mainly in the residual form.

    “In contrast, in a laboratory-scale study of Cd removal by four bioretention filter materials (fine sand, zeolite, sand and quartz sand) accumulated Cd was detected mainly in the residual form (Wang et al., 2017).”

    From Dissolved metal adsorption capacities and fractionation in filter materials for use in stormwater bioretention facilities (2019) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2017

    Section 3.5.3 reports that the majority of Cd in the four media was in the residual fraction. However, the study identifies the media as sand, zeolite, sandy loam, and quartz sand, each mixed with lignin—not fine sand, zeolite, sand, and quartz sand as claimed (Sections 2.2 and 3.5.3). (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Most studies concerning filter material in stormwater bioretention are done on entire bioretention systems at lab-, pilot- or full-scale and not only on the filter material itself.

    “Most studies concerning filter material in stormwater bioretention are I) done on entire bioretention systems at either lab-, pilot- or full-scale (e.g. Li and Davis, 2008; Wang et al., 2017) and not only on the filter material itself;”

    From Dissolved metal adsorption capacities and fractionation in filter materials for use in stormwater bioretention facilities (2019) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2017

  • That study's tests were restricted to filter material mixes with lignin in lab-scale bioretention columns.

    “The results indicated that metals were mainly trapped (>50%) in the residual fraction, but the tests were restricted to filter material mixes with lignin in lab-scale bioretention columns (Wang et al., 2017).”

    From Dissolved metal adsorption capacities and fractionation in filter materials for use in stormwater bioretention facilities (2019) · cites this paper as Wang et al., 2017

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Wang, J., Zhao, Y., Yang, L., Tu, N., Xi, G., & Fang, X.
Affiliations
  • Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture (CN)
  • Jiuquan Environmental Monitoring Branch, Jiuquan 735000, China
Corresponding author
Wang, Jianlong
ORCID
Venue
Water
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2017-11-03
Volume
9
Issue
11
Pages
854
ISSN
2073-4441 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3390/w9110854
OpenAlex
W2766106410
Cited by
67
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2
FWCI
2.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Water (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Heavy Metal Pollution Remediation
Keywords
heavy metal removal, urban stormwater runoff, bioretention media, lignin, zeolites, sand, sandy loam soil, quartz sand, copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, heavy metal speciation, heavy metal accumulation in soil, pH effect

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