Range Extension via Electrothermal Recuperation
Open accessAbstract
One of the decisive reasons for the slow market penetration of electric vehicles is their short driving range, especially in cold temperatures. The goal of this paper was to increase the driving range in cold temperatures. Electric vehicles recover kinetic energy by recuperation and storage in the battery. However, if the battery is fully charged or cold, the option of recuperation is severely limited. Braking energy is dissipated into the environment via the mechanical brake, and the range thus decreases. Electrothermal recuperation (ETR) enables the braking power to be used in heater systems and thus saves energy in the overall system. In this paper, ETR was investigated with a highly responsive serial layer heater. An overall model consisting of the electric powertrain, the heating circuit, and the vehicle interior was developed and validated. The limitations of recuperation capability were determined from driving tests. The factors state of charge and battery temperature were varied in the conducted simulations in order to quantify the range increase through ETR. The results showed that the range could be increased via electrothermal recuperation by up to 8% at −10 °C in a real driving cycle, using a serial heater. A control strategy of the heating circuit enabled the coolant circuit to function as buffer storage. The interior temperature—and consequently user comfort—remained unchanged.
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A limited capability to recuperate at low temperatures serves to protect the battery from accelerated aging, leading to less energy regeneration.
“On the other hand, a limited capability to recuperate at low temperatures serves to protect the battery from accelerated aging, which ultimately leads to less energy regeneration.”
From Effect of Low Temperature on Electric Vehicle Range (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
A BEV's ability to recuperate is strongly dependent on battery temperature.
“Steinstraeter et al. [28] showed that a BEV's ability to recuperate is strongly dependent on the battery's temperature.”
From Effect of Low Temperature on Electric Vehicle Range (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
Steinsträter et al. [28] showed that a BEV can achieve a range increase of 8% at -10°C compared to a BEV that is not able to use regenerative braking potentials directly for heating (ETR) under the same conditions.
“Such a system was investigated by Steinsträter et al. [28] and they could show that a BEV can achieve a range increase of 8% at -10 • C compared to a BEV that is not able to use regenerative braking potentials directly for heating (ETR) under the same conditions.”
From Effect of Low Temperature on Electric Vehicle Range (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
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Research works printed but not linked: 32
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- Authors
- Steinstraeter, M., Lewke, M., Buberger, J., Hentrich, T., & Lienkamp, M.
- Affiliations
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- Webasto (Germany) (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Steinstraeter, Matthias
- Venue
- World Electric Vehicle Journal
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2020-05-25
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 41
- ISSN
- 2032-6653 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3026566860
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6
- FWCI
- 0.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- dx.doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- World Electric Vehicle Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Keywords
- electric vehicle range extension, regenerative braking, battery heating, state of charge, battery temperature, vehicle interior temperature, user comfort
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