The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 70 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Västerbotten Intervention Programme: background, design and implications
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: In Sweden, mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) increased steadily during the 20th century and in the mid-1980s it was highest in the county of Västerbotten. Therefore, a community intervention programme was launched - the Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) - with the aim of reducing morbidity and mortality from CVD and diabetes. DESIGN: The VIP was first developed in the small municipality of Norsjö in 1985. Subsequently, it was successively implemented across the county and is now integrated into ordinary primary care routines. A population-based strategy directed towards the public is combined with a strategy to reach all middle-aged persons individually at ages 40, 50 and 60 years, by inviting them to participate in systematic risk factor screening and individual counselling about healthy lifestyle habits. Blood samples for research purposes are stored at the Umeå University Medical Biobank. RESULTS: Overall, 113,203 health examinations have been conducted in the VIP and 6,500-7,000 examinations take place each year. Almost 27,000 subjects have participated twice. Participation rates have ranged between 48 and 67%. A dropout rate analysis in 1998 indicated only a small social selection bias. Cross-sectional, nested case-control studies and prospective studies have been based on the VIP data. Linkages between the VIP and local, regional and national databases provide opportunities for interdisciplinary research, as well as national and international collaborations on a wide range of disease outcomes. A large number of publications are based on data that are collected in the VIP, many of which also use results from analysed stored blood samples. More than 20 PhD theses have been based primarily on the VIP data. CONCLUSIONS: The concept of the VIP, established as a collaboration between politicians and health care providers on the one hand and primary care, functioning as the operating machinery, and the public on the other, forms the basis for effective implementation and endurance over time. After more than 20 years of the VIP, there is a large comprehensive population-based database, a stable organisation to conduct health surveys and collect data, and a solid structure to enable widespread multidisciplinary and scientific collaborations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Most studies18–25,27–35 used centralized adjudication processes or registry linkage rather than self-report alone in ascertaining events, reducing information bias.”
From ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Coronary Heart Disease: Pooling Project of 19 Cohort Studies (2016) · cites this paper as [28]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
von Elm, E., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., Vandenbroucke, J. P., & Initiative, F. T. S. (2007) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0040296 · Cited by 23,020
SAUNDERS, J. B., AASLAND, O. G., BABOR, T. F., DE LA FUENTE, J. R., & GRANT, M. (1993) · Addiction · doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb02093.x · Cited by 13,597
Developing and evaluating complex interventions: the new Medical Research Council guidance
Craig, P., Dieppe, P., Macintyre, S., Michie, S., Nazareth, I., & Petticrew, M. (2008) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.a1655 · Cited by 10,995
Elm, E. V., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39335.541782.ad · Cited by 10,766
Healthy work: stress, productivity, and the reconstruction of working life
(1990) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-0381 · Cited by 8,163
(2001) · Cited by 5,455
Framework for design and evaluation of complex interventions to improve health
Campbell, M. (2000) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.321.7262.694 · Cited by 3,474 · cited 1×
“fulfils criteria for complex interventions (61, 62) and”
BackgroundWhy we need observational studies to evaluate the effectiveness of health care
Black, N. (1996) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.312.7040.1215 · Cited by 1,598
Designing and evaluating complex interventions to improve health care
Campbell, N. C., Murray, E., Darbyshire, J., Emery, J., Farmer, A., Griffiths, F., Guthrie, B., Lester, H., Wilson, P., & Kinmonth, A. L. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39108.379965.be · Cited by 1,331
Sullivan, M., Karlsson, J., & Ware, J. E. (1995) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(95)00125-q · Cited by 1,315
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 70 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- Brannstrom I, Rosen M, Wall S, Weinehall L. Local health planning and intervention – the case of a Swedish municipality. Scand J Prim Health Care Suppl. 1988; 1: 57–64.
- Lundvall O Asplund K Cohen D Emmelin M Eriksson C Janlert U et al.Community intervention programs to prevent cardiovascular disease – a systematic review. Stockholm: The Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care SBU. 1997. Report No. 134.
- Rosén M. Epidemiology and planning for health: with special reference to regional epidemiology and the use of health registers. PhD thesis Umeå University 1987.
- Rolandsson O. Islet beta cell autoimmunity. An epidemiological and experimental study. PhD thesis Umeå University 2002.
- Johansson L. Hemostatic factors in cardiovascular disease with special reference to stroke. PhD thesis Umeå University 2002.
- Persson M. Bring hypertension guidelines into play. Guidelinebased decision support system for drug treatment of hypertension and epidemiological aspects of hypertension guidelines. PhD thesis Umeå University 2003.
- Thögersen A. Risk markers for first myocardial infarction. PhD thesis Umeå University 2005.
- Johansson M. Prostate cancer aetiology: epidemiological studies of IGF- and one-carbon metabolism pathways. PhD thesis Umeå University 2008.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–374 of 374
Dietary diversity and metabolic health among people in Västerbotten, Sweden
Winkvist, A., Mangan, C., Johansson, I., & Bennett, A. E. (2025) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/s41430-025-01649-3 · Cited by 2
Fibrinolytic factors in relation to anthropometry and incident type 2 diabetes.
Hernestål-Boman, J. (2014) · Cited by 2
Norberg, M., Liv, P., Näslund, U., Wester, P. O., Andersson, E. M., & Nordin, S. (2025) · Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.31083/rcm26312 · Cited by 1
Self-citationLindgren, H., & Kilic, K. (2025) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2025.1600535 · Cited by 2
Johansson, C., Johansson, L., Eriksson, M., Andersson, J. S. O., & Lind, M. M. (2025) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.71002 · Cited by 2
Håglin, S., Edström, M., Bäckman, L., & Håglin, L. (2025) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2025.07.018 · Cited by 1
Smidt, M. F.-D., Rolandsson, O., Griffin, S. J., & Wennberg, P. (2026) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2026.103379 · Cited by 1
Alcala, K., Mariosa, D., Jacobson, S., Coscia-Requena, C., Dimou, N. L., Franklin, O., Martin, R. M., Smith, G. D., Gunter, M. J., Brennan, P., et al. (2026) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1004906 · Cited by 2
The impact of a patient's social network on emergency surgery for colon cancer
Blind, N., Gunnarsson, U., Strigård, K., & Brännström, F. (2022) · European Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2022.09.019 · Cited by 1
Seroprevalence of sexually transmitted infections over 44 years – A cross-sectional study in Sweden
Andersson, N., Waterboer, T., Nylander, E., & Idahl, A. (2024) · International Journal of STD & AIDS · doi:10.1177/09564624241248874 · Cited by 1
Vahlberg, B. M., Jansson, C., Åkerfeldt, T., & Christersson, C. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-087907 · Cited by 1
Causal Interventions and Argumentation-Based Frameworks: Formalization of “What If” Scenarios
Guerrero, E. (2021) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85710-3_13 · Cited by 2
Edvardsson, K. (2013) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) · Cited by 1
ADIPOCYTE-DERIVED HORMONES AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
Eriksson, M. (2010) · DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University) · Cited by 1
Peripheral nerve function : metabolic features, clinical assessment, and heat shock protein 27
Pourhamidi, K. (2013) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Wennberg, M., Bergdahl, I. A., & Ståhl, T. (2012) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Lindvall, K. (2013) · DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University)
Selection of smoothing parameters with application in causal inference
Häggström, J. (2011) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Inflammation and lifestyle in cardiovascular medicine
Andersson, J. S. O. (2010) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Long-term side effects after treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma
Andersson, A. (2011) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Prospective studies of hormonal and life-style related factors and risk of cancer
Wirén, S. M. (2014) · DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University)
Pettersson, B. (2012) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Adipose tissue, the skeleton and cardiovascular disease
Wiklund, P. (2011) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Nutritional aspects of behaviour and biology during pregnancy and postpartum
Lundqvist, A. (2016) · DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University)
From epidemiology to patient encounter
Waller, G. (2015)
Regulation of Lipoprotein Lipase Activity : an In-vitro Study of a Complex and Dynamic System
Kovrov, O. (2019) · KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology)
Flawed conclusions on the Västerbotten Intervention Program by San Sebastian et .al
Blomstedt, Y., Norberg, M., Ng, N., Nyström, L., Boman, K., Lönnberg, G., Stenlund, H. C., Wall, S., & Weinehall, L. (2019) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7444-3
Self-citationPatient–doctor engagement in cardiovascular prevention – Authors' reply
Näslund, U., Ng, N., Wennberg, P., & Norberg, M. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31335-2
Self-citationSpegel, E., Ek, K., Söderberg, S., & Eliasson, M. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.2.18291/v2
Ligairi, J., Wilson, D., & Tukana, I. N. (2021) · Pacific health dialog · doi:10.26635/phd.2021.101
Spege, E., Ek, K., Söderberg, S., & Eliasson, M. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0256872
Lionis, C. D., Anastasaki, M., Bertsias, A., Angelaki, A., Carlsson, A. C., Guðjónsdóttir, H., Wändell, P. E., Sønderlund, A. L., Thilsing, T., Søndergaard, J., et al. (2020) · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-18773/v1
Predicting Sensitivity to Adverse Lifestyle Risk Factors for Cardiometabolic Morbidity and MortalityPreprint
Pomares‐Millan, H., Poveda, A., Atabaki-Pasdar, N., Johansson, I., Björk, J., Ohlsson, M., Giordano, G. N., & Franks, P. W. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4143693
Andersson, E. M., Lindvall, K., Wennberg, P., Johansson, H., & Nordin, S. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2238370/v1
Bodhini, D., Morton, R. W., Santhakumar, V., Nakabuye, M., Pomares‐Millan, H., Clemmensen, C., Fitzpatrick, S. L., Guasch‐Ferré, M., Pankow, J. S., Ried‐Larsen, M., et al. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.05.03.23289433
Exploring the Impact of Air Pollution Sources on Incident Lung Cancer in a Northern Swedish CohortPreprint
Sommar, J. N., Raza, W., Flanagan, E., Segersson, D., Åström, D. O., & Oudin, A. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3126750/v1
Stenman, E., Sundquist, K., & Brorsson, A. (2024) · Discover Health Systems · doi:10.1007/s44250-024-00074-w
Healthcare Reform and Population Health Management
Kutlu, G. (2024) · Advances in healthcare information systems and administration book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-3260-3.ch001
Västerbottens hälsoundersökningar - en 40-årig befolkningsintervention
Weinehall, L. (2025) · Socialmedicinsk tidskrift · doi:10.62607/smt.v101i4-6.33553
Self-citationABO and RhD blood groups as contributors to dyslipidaemia – a cross-sectional study
Mickelsson, M., Ekblom, K., Stefansson, K., Liv, P., Själander, A., Näslund, U., & Hultdin, J. (2025) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-025-02444-6
Vahlberg, B. M., Ribom, E. L., Wennberg, P., & Söderberg, S. (2025) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2024-0411 · Cited by 2
Lindgren, M., Ljuslinder, I., Jonsson, P., & Nyström, H. (2025) · The International Journal of Biological Markers · doi:10.1177/03936155251329590
Jude, E. B., Saluja, S., Heald, A. H., Widiatmoko, D., Schaper, N. C., & Anderson, S. G. (2025) · Diabetes Therapy · doi:10.1007/s13300-025-01777-w
Integrating Social-Ecological Contexts and Health Identity in Understanding Health Behavior Change
Broers, J. D. L. M., & Lange, D. (2025) · International Journal of Social and Psychological Aspects of Healthcare · doi:10.51847/d8e7jy9etv
Englund, J. (2025) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2025-223965
Västerbottens satsning på storskalig hjärt-kärlprevention
Weinehall, L. (2012) · Läkartidningen/Läkartidningen
Self-citationBornhöft, L., Arvidsson, D., Bergenheim, A., Börjesson, M., Fridolfsson, J., Hellgren, M., Nordeman, L., & Larsson, M. E. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25341400
Andersson, E. M., Lindvall, K., Wennberg, P., Johansson, H., & Nordin, S. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26672448
Hesselink, A., Winkvist, A., Lindahl, B., Ueland, P. M., Schneede, J., Johansson, I., & Karlsson, T. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.22914499
Bornhöft, L., Arvidsson, D., Bergenheim, A., Börjesson, M., Fridolfsson, J., Hellgren, M., Nordeman, L., & Larsson, M. E. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25341229
Andersson, E. M., Lindvall, K., Wennberg, P., Johansson, H., & Nordin, S. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26672454
Krachler, B., Norberg, M., Weinehall, L., Janlert, U., & Kristenson, M. (2026) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.70376
Self-citationStenman, E., Bolmsjö, B. B., Nilholm, C., Grundberg, A., & Sundquist, K. (2026) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2026.1702012
Stockfelt, L., Forsberg, B., Andersson, E. M., Andersson, N., Sällsten, G., Segersson, D., Eneroth, K., Gidhagen, L., Molnár, P., Ögren, M., et al. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-37471-5
Alfredsson, J., Taebnia, N., Dzaki, N., Ljunggren, S., Helmfrid, I., Johansson, E. C., Keulen, J., Rolandsson, O., Bergdahl, I. A., Lauschke, V. M., et al. (2026) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202600261r
Gästgivars, O., Wiklund, U., & Brunström, M. (2026) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000004301
Nymberg, V. M., Glock, H., Pikkemaat, M., Wolff, M., Bolmsjö, B. B., & Nymberg, P. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0348365
Lundgren, T. L., Glader, E., Holmberg, H., Norberg, M., Själander, A., & Sönnerstam, E. (2026) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-026-05922-6
Self-citationSjöström, A., Hörnsten, Å., Wennberg, P., Lundberg, T., & Almevall, A. D. (2026) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-026-03401-7
Mental Well‐Being Is Associated With Temporomandibular Disorder Pain Onset and Remission
Vallin, S., Liv, P., Häggman‐Henrikson, B., Visscher, C. M., Lobbezoo, F., & Lövgren, A. (2026) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1111/joor.70236
Hägg, L., Behndig, A., & Johansson, M. (2026) · Thrombosis Update · doi:10.1016/j.tru.2026.100244
Wennstig, A. C., Själander, S., Hult, A., Liv, P., Norberg, M., Wennberg, M., Wester, P. O., & Wennberg, P. (2026) · Open Heart · doi:10.1136/openhrt-2026-004136
Self-citationElofsson, E., Johansson, M., & Lind, M. M. (2026) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2026.103593
Kim, S. H., Arora, I., Agyemang, C. O., Anjana, R. M., Åsvold, B. O., Blom, M. T., Bhupathiraju, S. N., Bonnefond, A., Chan, J. C. N., Davis, T. M. E., et al. (2026) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-026-06812-4
Do children’s labour market experiences affect the mental health of ageing parents?
Kalucza, S., & Baranowska-Rataj, A. (2026) · Advances in Life Course Research · doi:10.1016/j.alcr.2026.100755
Bergman, E., Nordström, A., Nyberg, L. H., & Nordström, P. (2026) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1005043
Fredriksson, A., Lundberg-Ulfsdotter, R., Vinnars, M., Oudin, A., Guelpen, B. R. V., West, C. E., Domellöf, M., Wu, W. Y.-Y., Dembrower, K., & Harlid, S. (2026) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-026-29622-0
Gastgivars, O., Ögren, J., Carlberg, B., & Brunström, M. (2026) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1111/joim.70164
Bertgren, A., Öhberg, F., Soda, P., Näslund, U., Wennberg, P., & Grönlund, C. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.10.01.755916
Sjöström, A., Grönlund, C., Jonzén, K., Wennberg, P., Hörnsten, Å., Lundberg, T., Pulkki‐Brännström, A., Ebeling, L., & Almevall, A. D. (2026) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/105250
Metadata
- Authors
- Norberg, M., Wall, S., Boman, K., & Weinehall, L.
- Affiliations
- Umeå University (SE)
- Skellefteå Hospital (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Norberg, Margareta
- Venue
- Global Health Action
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2010-03-22
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 1654-9716 (ISSN-L)
- 1654-9880
- PMC
- PMC2844807
- OpenAlex
- W2138185074
- Cited by
- 373
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 18.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Global Health Action (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- Västerbotten Intervention Programme, cardiovascular disease prevention, diabetes prevention, community-based intervention, risk factor screening, primary care integration, biobanks, multidisciplinary research collaboration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
