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Cited by 1,315Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of LifePsychometric Methodologies and TestingHealth Education and Validation

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 23 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Swedish SF-36 Health Survey—I. Evaluation of data quality, scaling assumptions, reliability and construct validity across general populations in Sweden

Sullivan, Marianne, Karlsson, Jan, Ware, John E.·1995·Social Science & Medicine
DOI 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00125-q
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Abstract

We document the applicability of the SF-36 Health Survey, which was translated into Swedish using methods later adopted by the International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) Project procedures. To test its appropriateness for use in Sweden, it was administered through mail-out/mail-back questionnaires in seven general population studies with an average response rate of 68%. The 8930 respondents varied by gender (48.2% men), age (range 15-93 years, mean age 42.7), marital status, education, socio-economic status, and geographical area. Psychometric methods used in the evaluation of the SF-36 in the U.S. were replicated. Over 90% of respondents had complete items for each of the eight SF-36 scales, although more missing data were observed for subjects 75 years and over. Scale scores could be computed for the vast majority of respondents (95% and over); slightly fewer in the oldest subgroup. Item-internal consistency was consistently high across socio-demographic subgroups and the eight scales. Most reliability estimates exceeded the 0.80 level. The highest reliability was observed for the Bodily Pain Scale where all subgroups met the 0.90 level recommended for individual comparisons; coefficients at or above 0.90 were also observed in most subgroups for the Physical Functioning Scale. Tests of scaling assumptions including hypothesized item groupings, which reflect the construct validity of scales, were consistently favorable across subgroups, although lower rates were noted in the oldest age group. In conclusion, these studies have yielded empirical evidence supporting the feasibility of a non-English language reproduction of the SF-36 Health Survey. The Swedish SF-36 is ready for further evaluation.

Overview

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Crossref · 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00125-q

Cites

23 of 23 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The overall poor quality of life of the patients in this study, according to the SF-36, was consistent with previously published pain studies but distinctively lower than the Swedish population norm.

    “The overall poor quality of life of the patients in this study, according to the SF-36, was consistent with previously published pain studies [67–69] but distinctively lower than the Swedish population norm [38].”

    From Chronic pain and sex-differences; women accept and move, while men feel blue (2017) · cites this paper as [38]

Citations

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Sullivan, 1994, Livskvalitetsmätning, Läkartidningen, 91, 1340

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Metadata

Authors
Sullivan, M., Karlsson, J., & Ware, J. E.
Affiliations
  • Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SE)
  • Tufts Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author
Sullivan, Marianne
ORCID
Venue
Social Science & Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1995-11
Volume
41
Issue
10
Pages
1349-1358
ISSN
0277-9536 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/0277-9536(95)00125-q
OpenAlex
W2083958640
Cited by
1,315
References
23
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 62 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 50 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 64 · 2015: 67 · 2014: 65 · 2013: 64 · 2012: 57
FWCI
42.33
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Social Science & Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • eScholarship@UMassChan (submittedVersion)
  • RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
  • Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Health Education and Validation
Keywords
SF-36 Health Survey, Swedish translation, cross-cultural adaptation, quality of life assessment, psychometric validation, reliability statistics, construct validity, scaling assumptions, missing data, oldest old, general population
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Female, Health Status, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Random Allocation, Self-Assessment, Socioeconomic Factors, Sweden, Translating, United States, Reproducibility of Results

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