On the relation between sea-surface heat flow and thermal circulation in the ocean
Open accessAbstract
A theoretical framework for the description of the thermal state and circulation in the ocean is presented. Relations between differential heating, diffusive heat flux and surface drift are derived and discussed in the light of the basic mechanical property of the system, i.e. the tendency for light water to spread on top of heavier water. We find that for low and medium temperatures, the poleward surface drift can be determined directly from a knowledge of the heat flux through the sea surface. Preliminary quantitative estimates indicate that the “Hadley circulation” for the entire ocean involves a volume flux of order 70 ± 30 Sverdrup. For the North Atlantic we find a poleward drift of order 10 Sverdrup which compares well with previous estimates of the southward deep flow. Mean values for the diffusive flux in the ocean are found to be of order 20 W m-2 at 15°C and 60 W m-2 at 25°C.
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Neglecting mixing in the ocean interior, the time-averaged residual meridional transport is entirely determined by the knowledge of air-sea buoyancy fluxes.
“Neglecting mixing in the ocean interior the time-averaged residual meridional transport is thus entirely determined by the knowledge of airsea buoyancy fluxes (Walin 1982;Marshall 1997).”
From Competition between Baroclinic Instability and Ekman Transport under Varying Buoyancy Forcings in Upwelling Systems: An Idealized Analog to the Southern Ocean (2021) · cites this paper as Walin 1982
Section 4 says that surface heat flux can directly estimate the poleward surface drift and associated circulation when the mixing term is negligible, particularly at low and medium temperatures. It does not establish that air–sea buoyancy fluxes entirely determine the time-averaged residual meridional transport; for high temperatures, it says the mixing term is vital. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Portela, E., Kolodziejczyk, N., Maes, C., & Thierry, V. (2019) · Journal of Physical Oceanography · doi:10.1175/jpo-d-19-0128.1 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Fox, A. D., Handmann, P., Schmidt, C., Fraser, N., Rühs, S., Sanchez‐Franks, A., Martin, T., Oltmanns, M., Johnson, C., Rath, W., et al. (2022) · Ocean science · doi:10.5194/os-18-1507-2022 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Maintenance and Broadening of the Ocean’s Salinity Distribution by the Water Cycle
Zika, J. D., Skliris, N., Nurser, A. J. G., Josey, S. A., Mudryk, L. R., Laliberté, F., & Marsh, R. (2015) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-15-0273.1 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Swingedouw, D., Braconnot, P., Delécluse, P., Guilyardi, É., & Marti, O. (2006) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00382-006-0171-3 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Response of a Strongly Eddying Global Ocean to North Atlantic Freshwater Perturbations
den Toom, M., Dijkstra, H. A., Weijer, W., Hecht, M., Maltrud, M. E., & van Sebille, E. (2013) · Journal of Physical Oceanography · doi:10.1175/jpo-d-12-0155.1 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Mixing Inferred from an Ocean Climatology and Surface Fluxes
Groeskamp, S., Sloyan, B. M., Zika, J. D., & McDougall, T. J. (2017) · Journal of Physical Oceanography · doi:10.1175/jpo-d-16-0125.1 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
- Authors
- Walin, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Walin, Gösta
- Venue
- Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography
- Publisher
- Stockholm University Press
- Published
- 1982-01-01
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 187
- ISSN
- 0280-6495 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0870
- OpenAlex
- W1990361050
- Cited by
- 385
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 0.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Tellus A Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Oceanography › Marine and coastal ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics
- Keywords
- sea surface heat flux, Hadley circulation, differential heating
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