Improvement of active layers homogeneity for the MEA’s (Membrane Electrode Assembly) of PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell): impact of the ink quality formulation
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This study focuses on the improvement of active layers for PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell) fuel cells. These active layers (anode and cathode) constitute the core of the cell where chemical reactions take place. The goal is to improve the performance and durability of these cells by working on these layers. Some research has shown the impact of homogeneity of active layer on fuel cell performance by working on printing processes. In our case, the aim was to obtain homogeneous active layer after coating deposition process by studying the formulation of the ink: the order of introduction of components and the dispersion processes. Several ink dispersion processes stood out, including a planetary mixer that gave satisfactory results in terms of particle size and deposit homogeneity. Moreover, the order of introduction of the components during the ink formulation seem to have an impact onto rheological parameter and also onto particles size.
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Sequence of ingredients mixing impacts ink viscosity and size of agglomerates.
“Furthermore, Carine et al. found the sequence of ingredients mixing has an impact on the ink viscosity and the size of agglomerates.”
From Effect of Catalyst Ink and Formation Process on the Multiscale Structure of Catalyst Layers in PEM Fuel Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [154]
Order of ingredients mixing influences size of agglomerates in catalyst ink and material stability through affecting interaction sequence of catalyst, ionomer, and solvent.
“Although only a few studies on the effect of the order of ingredients mixing during the ink preparation process exist, it has an influence on the size of agglomerates in the catalyst ink and the material stability through affecting the interaction sequence of catalyst, ionomer, and solvent [154,155].”
From Effect of Catalyst Ink and Formation Process on the Multiscale Structure of Catalyst Layers in PEM Fuel Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [154]
To avoid degradation, Pt/C is usually mixed with sufficient water prior to introducing Nafion dispersion solution.
“To avoid such degradation, Pt/C is usually mixed with sufficient water prior to introducing Nafion dispersion solution [154].”
From Effect of Catalyst Ink and Formation Process on the Multiscale Structure of Catalyst Layers in PEM Fuel Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [154]
Hydrodynamic cavitation, planetary mixer, or high-pressure homogenization have been applied to disperse catalyst ink recently.
“Furthermore, the hydrodynamic cavitation method [24], the planetary mixer [154], or high-pressure homogenization [158] have been applied to disperse catalyst ink recently.”
From Effect of Catalyst Ink and Formation Process on the Multiscale Structure of Catalyst Layers in PEM Fuel Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [154]
Premixing Pt/C, water, and ethanol then adding ionomer dispersion solution decreases agglomerate size, achieves more viscous ink, and more homogeneous CL.
“If keeping other conditions consistent, premixing Pt/C, water, and ethanol and then adding ionomer dispersion solution will decrease the size of agglomerates and achieve a more viscous ink and hence a more homogeneous CL [154].”
From Effect of Catalyst Ink and Formation Process on the Multiscale Structure of Catalyst Layers in PEM Fuel Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [154]
Insufficient dispersion leaves large agglomerates, leading to inhomogeneous CL or cracking.
“However, if the dispersion process is insufficient, the large agglomerates in the catalyst ink cannot be broken down, leading to an inhomogeneous CL or even causing cracking in the CL (Figure 9a,d) [24,154].”
From Effect of Catalyst Ink and Formation Process on the Multiscale Structure of Catalyst Layers in PEM Fuel Cells (2022) · cites this paper as [154]
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Liu, H., Ney, L., Zamel, N., & Li, X. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12083776 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
- Authors
- Carine, T., & Christine, N.-C.
- Venue
- Nanomaterials Science & Engineering
- Publisher
- Nanomaterials Science & Engineering
- Published
- 2020-09-16
- OpenAlex
- W6890032267
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 0.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- proa.ua.pt
- Licence
- Locations
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PROA-UA
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Fuel Cells and Related Materials
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
- Keywords
- proton exchange membrane fuel cells, membrane electrode assembly, ink formulation, ink dispersion, planetary mixer, rheology, particle size, coating deposition, anode and cathode, fuel cell durability
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