The influence of gender on travel risk perceptions, safety, and travel intentions
Abstract
This study replicates and extends the work of Reisinger and Mavondo, who explored the influence of national culture on travel risk and safety perceptions, anxiety, and travel intentions. The current study differs in that it adds gender as a key explanatory variable alone and in combination with national culture to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the influences on risk perceptions and future travel intent. Respondents (290 females and 239 males) from different nationalities (Asia, Australia, Europe, UK, US) were surveyed as to their cultural orientations, travel risk and safety perceptions, anxieties, and future intentions to travel. Female respondents perceived traveling internationally as involved higher risk, were more anxious, felt less safe, and intended to travel less internationally than male respondents regardless of their cultural orientation. However, in the male sample the long-/short-term cultural orientations of respondents were the most significant predictors of travel risk and safety perceptions. In both groups, terrorism and sociocultural risk emerged as the most significant determinants of travel anxieties and perceptions of safety. In the female group, intentions to travel internationally again were determined by anxiety, whereas in the male group they were determined by perceived safety. Implications of the study results are discussed.
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Potential travelers may have different risk perceptions based on sociodemographic characteristics, personality traits, and previous travel experiences.
“Potential travelers may have different perceptions of risks based on sociodemographic characteristics (Reisinger & Crotts, 2009; Zhan, Zeng, Morrison, Liang, & Coca-Stefaniak, 2020), personality traits (Morakabati & Kapuściński, 2016), and previous travel experiences (Sharifpour, Walters, & Ritchie, 2014).”
From What influences tourist behaviors during and after the COVID-19 pandemic? Focusing on theories of risk, coping, and resilience (2022) · cites this paper as Reisinger & Crotts, 2009
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- Authors
- Reisinger, Y., & Crotts, J. C.
- ORCID
- Crotts, John C.
- Venue
- Tourism Analysis
- Publisher
- Cognizant, LLC
- Published
- 2009-12-01
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 793-807
- ISSN
- 1083-5423 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2012331505
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Tourism Analysis (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Adventure Sports and Sensation Seeking
- Keywords
- gender differences, travel risk perception, perceived safety, travel intention, travel anxiety, national culture, cultural orientation, terrorism risk, sociocultural risks, international travel, cross-cultural tourism
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