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A Pan-Canadian Practice Guideline and Algorithm: Screening, Assessment, and Supportive Care of Adults with Cancer-Related Fatigue
Open accessAbstract
Purpose: The purpose of the present systematic review was to develop a practice guideline to inform health care providers about screening, assessment, and effective management of cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in adults. Methods: The internationally endorsed adapte methodology was used to develop a practice guideline for pan-Canadian use. A systematic search of the literature identified a broad range of evidence: clinical practice guidelines, systematic reviews, and other guidance documents on the screening, assessment, and management of CRF. The search included MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, and other guideline and data sources to December 2009. Results: Two clinical practice guidelines were identified for adaptation. Seven guidance documents and four systematic reviews also provided supplementary evidence to inform guideline recommendations. Health professionals across Canada provided expert feedback on the adapted recommendations in the practice guideline and algorithm through a participatory external review process. Conclusions: Practice guidelines can facilitate the adoption of evidence-based assessment and interventions for adult cancer patients experiencing fatigue. Development of an algorithm to guide decision-making in practice may also foster the uptake of a guideline into routine care.
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“Recommended interventions by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN 2015), the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS 2014), the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer/Canadian Association of Psychosocial Oncology [28], and the identified American Society of Clinical Oncology include the management of concurrent symptoms, physical activity/exercise, rehabilitation, psychoeducation, meditation, attent”
From Empowerment in the treatment of fatigue in breast cancer patients (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
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“…no gold standard for how to define CRF [8], but several organizations have proposed definitions, including the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) [9], the European Society for Medical Oncology [10], American Society of Clinical Oncology [11], and the Pan Canadian Practice Guidelines [12].”
BackgroundWagner, A. S., Milzer, M., Schmidt, M. E., Kiermeier, S., Maatouk, I., & Steindorf, K. (2025) · Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/jnr.0000000000000666 · Cited by 10
Uncertainty and sense‐of‐self as targets for intervention for cancer‐related fatigue
Dolgoy, N. D., Krishnasamy, M., & McNeely, M. L. (2019) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.13048 · Cited by 11
CBT-I during and after a cancer diagnosis
Garland, S. N. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822872-2.00003-7 · Cited by 10
Vilela-Estrada, A. L., Villarreal‐Zegarra, D., Copez-Lonzoy, A. J. E., Valencia, L. E., Sanchez‐Ramirez, J. C., Delgado, F. L., Ambrosio-Melgarejo, J. I., Reátegui-Rivera, C. M., & Finkelstein, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1497946 · Cited by 9
“The literature highlights various instruments used to assess these affective disorders in cancer patients: the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) (Howell et al., 2015).”
Harrington, S., Fisher, M. I., Lee, J. Q., Cohn, J. C., & Malone, D. J. (2022) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2022.2056554 · Cited by 9
“A pan-Canadian clinical practice guideline on the screening, assessment, and supportive care of those with cancer-related fatigue was published in 2013 (Howell et al., 2013).”
BackgroundCatamero, D., Noonan, K. A., Richards, T. A., Faiman, B. M., Manchulenko, C., Devine, H., Bertolotti, P., Gleason, C. L., & and Board (2017) · Clinical journal of oncology nursing · doi:10.1188/17.cjon.s5.7-18 · Cited by 9
“Diagnosing the underlying cause of fatigue in patients with cancer is problematic because no diagnostic test is specific for it (Howell et al., 2013).”
Epoetin beta for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia: an update
Egan, C. G., Galli, L., & Ricci, C. (2015) · OncoTargets and Therapy · doi:10.2147/ott.s77497 · Cited by 9
“A high percentage of oncologists overlook this symptom even if current guidelines recommend routine screening and management of fatigue.(9,11) A study conducted in anemic patients, non-anemic cancer patients, and the general population based on a questionnaire from the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy…”
Fatigue bei chronisch körperlichen Erkrankungen
Weis, J. (2024) · Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz · doi:10.1007/s00103-024-03951-0 · Cited by 8
Hao, R., Jin, H., Zuo, J., Zhao, R., Hu, J., & Qi, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.942219 · Cited by 8
“The CAPO (27) and CCO (30) guidelines did not consider the views and preferences of the target population.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLegitimising fatigue after breast-cancer treatment
Mackereth, P., Farrell, C., Bardy, J., Molassiotis, A., & Finnegan-John, J. (2015) · British Journal of Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjon.2015.24.sup4.s4 · Cited by 8
Garland, S. N. (2021) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsab202 · Cited by 7
Dolgoy, N. D., Brose, J. M., Dao, T., Suderman, K., Gross, D. P., Ho, C., Culos-Reed, S. N., & McNeely, M. L. (2020) · British Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/0308022620927351 · Cited by 7
“Moreover, the original NCCN guidelines did not include strategies for the practice of occupational therapy in CRF management, and did not provide suggestions for workability and CRF (Bower et al., 2014; Howell et al., 2013).”
MethodChen, X., Zhong, L., Wang, J., Dai, T., Li, M., Luo, J. M., Zhu, L., Liu, X., Lin, T., Li, L., et al. (2025) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1093/oncolo/oyaf073 · Cited by 6
Anestin, A. S., Dupuis, G., & Lanctôt, D. (2022) · Integrative and Complementary Therapies · doi:10.1089/ict.2022.29005.asa · Cited by 6
Analysis of cancer-related fatigue based on smart bracelet devices
Shen, H., Hou, H., Tian, W., Wu, M., Chen, T., & Zhong, X. (2016) · Technology and Health Care · doi:10.3233/thc-161134 · Cited by 6
“Regular screening for cancer-related fatigue is recommended in clinical practice by many expert guidelines [5,6].”
Development of a Taiwan cancer-related fatigue cognition questionnaire: reliability and validity
Lai, S.-C., Lin, W., Chen, C.-H., & Wu, S. (2017) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.16285 · Cited by 6
“Moreover, guidelines from expert groups, including the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), concerning the screening and assessment of CRF do not recommend using the diagnostic criteria outlined in ICD-10 [1, 11, 12].”
MethodFong, A. J., Sabiston, C. M., Nadler, M. B., SUSSMAN, J. S., Langley, H., Holden, R. M., Stokes-Noonan, M., & Tomasone, J. R. (2021) · Translational Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/tbm/ibaa127 · Cited by 6
Olson, K. L., Saligan, L. N., & Piper, B. F. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-90990-5_3 · Cited by 6
Self-citationCharles, C., Vaz-Luís, I., Chiesa, S., Boiron, C., Bourgier, C., Cavalcanti, A., Dauchy, S., Favré, E., Ferrandez, J.-C., Guéroult-Accolas, L., et al. (2021) · Bulletin du Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.02.006 · Cited by 5
Howell, D., Bultz, B. D., Fitch, M. I., Groff, S. L., Williams, A. M., & Cleghorn, L. (2012) · Cited by 5
Self-citationYaşlı Kanser Hastalarının Destekleyici Bakım Gereksinimleri: Gereksinimler de Yaşlanıyor mu?
Ayvat, İ., & Özbaş, A. A. (2021) · Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.31125/hunhemsire.907936 · Cited by 5
Symptoms and Symptom Management in Survivorship Patients
Klein, G., & Jodocy, D. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78648-9_10 · Cited by 5
Bélanger, L., Rainville, F., Coulombe, M., & Tremblay, A. (2015) · Patient Experience Journal · doi:10.35680/2372-0247.1066 · Cited by 5
Providing acupuncture in a breast cancer and fatigue trial: The therapists' experience
Bardy, J., Finnegan-John, J., Molassiotis, A., & Mackereth, P. (2015) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2015.08.003 · Cited by 5
Wagner, A. S., Milzer, M., Steindorf, K., Kiermeier, S., Nguyen, T. D., Schmidt, M. E., & Maatouk, I. (2025) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1093/oncolo/oyaf233 · Cited by 4
Physical Activity in Adults With Fatigue After Cancer Treatment
Twomey, R., Yeung, S. T., Wrightson, J. G., Sung, L., Robinson, P. D., Millet, G. Y., & Culos-Reed, S. N. (2021) · Communications in Kinesiology · doi:10.51224/cik.v1i3.40 · Cited by 4
“Six of these used a threshold score of ≥ 4 (Table 2) as recommended for routine CRF screening (Fabi et al., 2020; Howell et al., 2013; Pearson et al., 2016).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFatigue bei Krebs: Wie (gut) sind Betroffene an onkologischen Einrichtungen in Deutschland versorgt?
Wagner, A. S., Milzer, M., Kiermeier, S., Schmidt, M. E., Nguyen, T. D., Steindorf, K., & Maatouk, I. (2025) · Zeitschrift für Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1016/j.zefq.2025.02.003 · Cited by 3
Blickle, P., Storz, L. M., Schmidt, M. E., Lehmann, J., Pilz, M. J., Milzer, M., Maatouk, I., Giesinger, J. M., & Steindorf, K. (2025) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2025.116134 · Cited by 3
Lee, R. M., Donnan, J. R., Harris, N., & Garland, S. N. (2023) · Journal of Cancer Survivorship · doi:10.1007/s11764-023-01474-2 · Cited by 3
“Despite guidelines that recommend screening and treatment for insomnia, CBT-I is inaccessible to many cancer survivors [23].”
Abdel-Rahman, O. M., & Fouad, M. (2015) · Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy · doi:10.1586/14737140.2015.1014342 · Cited by 3
“Fatigue is one of the most distressing symptoms that patients with cancer may experience, and it has been attributed to many patient treatment- and disease-related factors [11].”
BackgroundThe Experiences of Cancer-Related Fatigue among Adult Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review
Arizona, I. K. L. T., Sukartini, T., Efendi, F., Estiadewi, P. S., & Anggraeni, N. P. D. A. (2019) · Jurnal NERS · doi:10.20473/jn.v14i3.16973 · Cited by 4
A Prospective Evaluation of Fatigue in Pediatric Brain Tumor Patients Treated With Radiation Therapy
Gandy, K. C., Chambers, T. M., Raghubar, K. P., Okcu, M. F., Chintagumpala, M., Taylor, O. A., Mahajan, A., Kahalley, L. S., Chan, W., Grosshans, D. R., et al. (2022) · Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1177/275275302110560011068754 · Cited by 4
“The symptoms of fatigue have been shown to correlate with long-term outcomes including overall survival in various cancer populations (Bower et al., 2014; Howell et al., 2013; Kazak et al., 2015; Peters et al., 2014; Portenoy & Itri, 1999).”
BackgroundSalz, T., Chimonas, S. C., Jinna, S., Brens, J., Kriplani, A., Salner, A., Rabinowits, G., Currier, M. B., Daly, B., & Korenstein, D. R. (2024) · Pain Management · doi:10.2217/pmt-2023-0067 · Cited by 3
Twomey, R., Yeung, S. T., Wrightson, J. G., Sung, L., Robinson, P. D., Millet, G. Y., & Culos-Reed, S. N. (2020) · SportRxiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31236/osf.io/snhya · Cited by 3
Xiang, S., Shan, Y., Shi-hong, X., Wang, J., Luo, M., Zhou, J., & Chen, Q. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202501820 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Howell, D., Keller–Olaman, S., Oliver, T. K., Hack, T. F., Broadfield, L., Biggs, K., Chung, J., Gravelle, D., Green, E., Hamel, M., Harth, T., Johnston, P., McLeod, D., Swinton, N., Syme, A., & Olson, K.
- Affiliations
- University Health Network (CA)
- Canadian Partnership Against Cancer (CA)
- University of Manitoba (CA)
- Cancer Care Nova Scotia (CA)
- Juravinski Cancer Centre (CA)
- BC Children's Hospital (CA)
- Élisabeth Bruyère Hospital (CA)
- Montreal General Hospital (CA)
- CancerCare Manitoba (CA)
- Jewish General Hospital (CA)
- Covenant Health (CA)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Venue
- Current Oncology
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2013-06-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 233-246
- ISSN
- 1198-0052 (ISSN-L)
- 1718-7729
- PMC
- PMC3671030
- OpenAlex
- W2053212646
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 7.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
- Locations
- Current Oncology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Keywords
- cancer-related fatigue, fatigue screening, fatigue analysis, supportive care, cancer patients, adults, decision-making algorithm, evidence-based practice, guideline adaptation
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