The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Multilevel models for the experimental psychologist: Foundations and illustrative examples
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Missing data: our view of the state of the art
Schafer, J. L., & Graham, J. W. (2002) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.2.147 · Cited by 11,638
Random-Effects Models for Longitudinal Data
Laird, N. M., & Ware, J. H. (1982) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529876 · Cited by 8,923
Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data
Schafer, J. L. (1997) · doi:10.1201/9781439821862 · Cited by 6,012 · cited 2×
“Schafer (1997) and Schafer and Graham (2002) provide a more thorough treatment of issues in incomplete data.”
BackgroundFitzmaurice, G. M., Laird, N. M., & Ware, J. H. (2011) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/9781119513469 · Cited by 4,639
On the practice of dichotomization of quantitative variables.
MacCallum, R. C., Zhang, S., Preacher, K. J., & Rucker, D. D. (2002) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.7.1.19 · Cited by 3,538 · cited 1×
“However, because the categorization of continuous independent variables substantially reduces the power to detect effects and inflates Type I error rates, methodologists strongly discourage doing so (e.g., Cohen, 1983; MacCallum, Zhang, Preacher, & Rucker, 2002; Maxwell & Delaney, 1993).”
MANOVA method for analyzing repeated measures designs: An extensive primer.
O'Brien, R. G., & Kaiser, M. K. (1985) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.97.2.316 · Cited by 1,148
Using SAS PROC MIXED to Fit Multilevel Models, Hierarchical Models, and Individual Growth Models
Singer, J. D. (1998) · Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics · doi:10.2307/1165280 · Cited by 1,092
On multi-level modeling of data from repeated measures designs: a tutorial
Quené, H., & van den Bergh, H. (2004) · Speech Communication · doi:10.1016/j.specom.2004.02.004 · Cited by 642
Cited by
Examples of mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects and with binomial data
Quené, H., & van den Bergh, H. (2008) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2008.02.002 · Cited by 534
Hierarchical diffusion models for two-choice response times.
Vandekerckhove, J., Tuerlinckx, F., & Lee, M. D. (2011) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/a0021765 · Cited by 323
Distinct transfer effects of training different facets of working memory capacity.
von Bastian, C. C., & Oberauer, K. (2013) · Journal of Memory and Language · doi:10.1016/j.jml.2013.02.002 · Cited by 139
Chevalier, N., Sheffield, T. D., Nelson, J. M., Clark, C. A. C., Wiebe, S. A., & Espy, K. A. (2012) · Developmental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/87565641.2011.632458 · Cited by 87
Willing to Think Hard? The Subjective Value of Cognitive Effort in Children
Chevalier, N. (2018) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.12805 · Cited by 70
Metadata
- Authors
- Hoffman, L., & Rovine, M. J.
- Venue
- Behavior Research Methods
- Published
- 2007-02
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 101-117
- ISSN
- 1554-351X (ISSN-L)
- 1554-3528
- OpenAlex
- W2141438777
- Cited by
- 335
- References
- 8
- FWCI
- 9.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Multilevel models for the experimental psychologist: Foundations and illustrative examples. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3758/bf03192848
- The paper
- Hoffman, L., & Rovine, M. J. (2007). Multilevel models for the experimental psychologist: Foundations and illustrative examples. Behavior Research Methods. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03192848
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
