CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 350Reading and Literacy DevelopmentNeurobiology of Language and BilingualismCategorization, perception, and language

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 44 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

WordGen: A tool for word selection and nonword generation in Dutch, English, German, and French

Open access
Duyck, Wouter, Desmet, Timothy, Verbeke, Lieven P. C., Brysbaert, Marc·2004·Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers
DOI 10.3758/bf03195595
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

WordGen is an easy-to-use program that uses the CELEX and Lexique lexical databases for word selection and nonword generation in Dutch, English, German, and French. Items can be generated in these four languages, specifying any combination of seven linguistic constraints: number of letters, neighborhood size, frequency, summated position-nonspecific bigram frequency, minimum position-nonspecific bigram f requency, position-specific frequency of the initial and final bigram, and orthographic relatedness. The program also has a module to calculate the respective values of these variables for items that have already been constructed, either with the program or taken from earlier studies. Stimulus queries can be entered through WordGen's graphical user interface or by means of batch files. WordGen is especially useful for (1) Dutch and German item generation, because no such stimulus-selection tool exists for these languages, (2) the generation of nonwords for all four languages, because our program has some important advantages over previous nonword generation approaches, and (3) psycholinguistic experiments on bilingualism, because the possibility of using the same tool for different languages increases the cross-linguistic comparability of the generated item lists. WordGen is free and available at http://expsy.ugent.be/wordgen.htm.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3758/bf03195595

Cites

44 of 44 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 46 references

2 of the 46 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Baayen, R. H., Piepenbrock, R., &van Run, H. (1993).The CELEX lexical data base [CD-ROM]: Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania.
  2. Baayen, R. H., Piepenbrock, R., &van Run, H. (1995).The CELEX lexical data base [CD-ROM 2nd Release]: Philadelphia: Linguistic Data Consortium, University of Pennsylvania.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 350

Related

Metadata

Authors
Duyck, W., Desmet, T., Verbeke, L. P. C., & Brysbaert, M.
Affiliations
  • Ghent University (BE)
  • Royal Holloway University of London (GB)
Corresponding author
Duyck, Wouter
ORCID
Venue
Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2004-08
Volume
36
Issue
3
Pages
488-499
ISSN
  • 0743-3808 (ISSN-L)
  • 1532-5970
DOI
10.3758/bf03195595
OpenAlex
W2073556933
Cited by
350
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 24
FWCI
8.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Vlaamse regering
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
Keywords
word choice, CELEX, lexical databases, bigram frequency, neighborhood size, word frequency, Dutch language, English language, German, French language, bilingualism
MeSH terms
Electronic Data Processing, Choice Behavior, Humans, Language, Psycholinguistics, Vocabulary

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review