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Integrating speech information across talkers, gender, and sensory modality: Female faces and male voices in the McGurk effect
Open accessAbstract
Studies of the McGurk effect have shown that when discrepant phonetic information is delivered to the auditory and visual modalities, the information is combined into a new percept not originally presented to either modality. In typical experiments, the auditory and visual speech signals are generated by the same talker. The present experiment examined whether a discrepancy in the gender of the talker between the auditory and visual signals would influence the magnitude of the McGurk effect. A male talker's voice was dubbed onto a videotape containing a female talker's face, and vice versa. The gender-incongruent videotapes were compared with gender-congruent videotapes, in which a male talker's voice was dubbed onto a male face and a female talker's voice was dubbed onto a female face. Even though there was a clear incompatibility in talker characteristics between the auditory and visual signals on the incongruent videotapes, the resulting magnitude of the McGurk effect was not significantly different for the incongruent as opposed to the congruent videotapes. The results indicate that the mechanism for integrating speech information from the auditory and the visual modalities is not disrupted by a gender incompatibility even when it is perceptually apparent. The findings are compatible with the theoretical notion that information about voice characteristics of the talker is extracted and used to normalize the speech signal at an early stage of phonetic processing, prior to the integration of the auditory and the visual information.
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“Also, integration can occurover auditory and visual signals generated by speakers of different gender”
From The McGurk effect in infants (1997) · cites this paper as Green, Kuhl, Meltzoff, & Stevens, 1991
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“This effect is usually referred to as a McGurk fusion (e.g., Green et al. 1991; Schwartz, 2010; Sekiyama & Tohkura, 1991; Tiippana, 2014; van Wassenhove, 2013; van Wassenhove et al., 2005), as the brain solves the phonetic AV conflict by fusing the place of articulation cues.”
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Investigating the effects of accent on visual speech
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薫, 積. (2011) · 認知科学 = Cognitive studies : bulletin of the Japanese Cognitive Science Society · doi:10.11225/jcss.18.387 · Cited by 1
Audio-visual integration in stereoscopic 3D
Deas, L. M., Wilcox, L. M., Kazimi, A., & Allison, R. S. (2013) · ACM Symposium on Applied Perception · doi:10.1145/2492494.2492506 · Cited by 1
Perception of Temporal Asynchrony in Audiovisual Phonological Fusion 1
Troyer, M., Loebach, J. L., & Pisoni, D. B. (2008) · Cited by 1
Kennis, S. T., & Schnupp, J. W. H. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1106562 · Cited by 1
“Such visual bias effects have been replicated many times, and the phenomenon is overall very robust (Green et al., 1991).”
BackgroundSentence context induces lexical bias in audiovisual speech perception
Windmann, S. (2007) · University of Zagreb University Computing Centre (SRCE) · Cited by 1
Acoustic and visual phonetic features in the mcgurk effect — an audiovisual speech illusion
Tiippana, K. M., Tiainen, M., Vainio, L., & Vainio, M. (2013) · Interspeech (USB) · doi:10.21437/interspeech.2013-424 · Cited by 1
“Green and coworkers [10-12] have conducted elegant studies showing that English-speaking listeners hear a fusion McGurk stimulus more frequently as [ð] in [a] context, and more frequently as [d] in [i] context.”
BackgroundResultSingh, R. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8403-5_1 · Cited by 1
Hearing Lips and Seeing Voices: Illusion and Serendipity in Auditory‐Visual Perception Research
Macdonald, J. B. (2006) · doi:10.1002/9780470777930.ch6 · Cited by 1
Direct perception of global invariants is not a fruitful notion
Peper, C. E., & Beek, P. J. (2001) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x01453945 · Cited by 1
Johnson, J. A., Rosenblum, L. D., & Schmuckler, M. A. (1995) · The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America · doi:10.1121/1.411551 · Cited by 1
“integration can occur over auditory and visual signals generated by speakers of different gender ( Green, Kuhl, Meltzoff, and Stevens, 1991 ) indicating that the two information streams need not appear to emanate from the same source.”
BackgroundRobuste Spracherkennung auf der Basis recheneffizienter auditiver Modelle
Römer, R. (2009) · mediaTUM – the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich) · Cited by 1
Within-Person Variability in Social Evaluation
Mileva, M. (2017) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) · Cited by 1
The Effect of Age-related Declines in Inhibitory Control on Audiovisual Speech Intelligibility
Dey, A. (2013) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · doi:10.7936/k7qj7ff4
Recalibration of auditory phoneme perception by lipread and lexical information
van Linden, S. (2003) · TNO Repository
The McGurk phenomenon in Italian listeners.
Bovo, R., Ciorba, A., Prosser, S., & Martini, A. (2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 25
Boliek, C. A., Keintz, C., Norrix, L. W., & Obrzut, J. E. (2010)
Metadata
- Authors
- Green, K. P., Kuhl, P. K., Meltzoff, A. N., & Stevens, E. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Venue
- Perception & Psychophysics
- Published
- 1991-11
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 524-536
- ISSN
- 0031-5117 (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5962
- OpenAlex
- W1976571557
- Cited by
- 239
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 9.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Perception & Psychophysics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r29ns026475-01, 5r01hd018286-12)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-26475)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD18286)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Multisensory perception and integration
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Phonetics and Phonology Research
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Speech and Audio Processing
- Keywords
- McGurk effect, speech perception, audiovisual speech integration, voice characteristics, multisensory integration, phonetic processing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Arousal, Attention, Discrimination Learning, Face, Gender Identity, Humans, Phonetics, Psychoacoustics, Speech Perception, Visual Perception, Voice Quality
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