Sex differences in duration judgments: A meta-analytic review
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We quantitatively reviewed human sex differences in the magnitude and variability of duration judgments. Data from 4,794 females and 4,688 males yielded 87 effect size estimates of magnitude and 28 of variability. The overall sex difference in duration judgment magnitude was small but statistically significant. It was moderated by whether study participants knew in advance (prospective paradigm) or only later (retrospective paradigm) that they would be required to judge duration. Although prospective judgments showed no overall sex effect, some levels of moderator variables showed a small but statistically significant effect. Retrospective judgments showed a larger subjective-to-objective duration ratio for females than for males, and several variables moderated this effect. Females' judgments also showed more intersubject variability than did males' judgments. Relative to males, females sustain attention to time more in the prospective paradigm and have better episodic memory in the retrospective paradigm.
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No sex differences could be found for Duration judgment.
“no sex differences could be found for Duration judgment (R. A. Block et al., 2000)”
From A Systematic Review and New Analyses of the Gender-Equality Paradox (2025) · cites this paper as R. A. Block et al., 2000
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Self-citationA Systematic Review and New Analyses of the Gender-Equality Paradox
Herlitz, A., Hönig, I., Hedebrant, K., & Asperholm, M. (2025) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/17456916231202685 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“…subcategories were investigated only in single studies: Autobiographical memory (dream recall; Schredl & Reinhard, 2008), Duration judgment (R. A. Block et al., 2000), and School performance (Voyer & Voyer, 2014) were assessed in the new analyses, and Science was assessed in the old analyses…”
InfluentialTime Perception Deficits in Children and Adolescents with ADHD: A Meta-analysis
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SEX DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTION OF TEMPORAL ORDER
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Stevens’s law for time: A direct comparison of prospective and retrospective judgments
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La Percepción del Tiempo: Influencias en la Salud Física y Mental
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Sex Differences in Time Perception During Smoking Abstinence
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Duration Discrimination by Musicians and Nonmusicians
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Similar CNV Neurodynamic Patterns between Sub- and Supra-Second Time Perception
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Gender and Agenda Diversity: Cognitive Differences in Representatives’ Information Processing
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A New Perspective on the Relationships between Individual Factors and Time Estimates
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The time of consumers: A review of researches and perspectives
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Interval timing as function of methods of estimation – a study on cohorts of young Indians
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- Authors
- Block, R. A., Hancock, P. A., & Zakay, D.
- Affiliations
- Montana State University (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Corresponding author
- Block, Richard A.
- ORCID
- Hancock, Peter A.
- Venue
- Memory & Cognition
- Published
- 2000-12
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1333-1346
- ISSN
- 0090-502X (ISSN-L)
- 1532-5946
- OpenAlex
- W2011105823
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 121
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Memory & Cognition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- sex differences, duration judgment, time perception, prospective timing, interindividual variability, episodic memory, gender differences in cognition
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Attention, Child, Female, Humans, Judgment, Knowledge of Results, Psychological, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Time Perception
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