Spacing extinction trials alleviates renewal and spontaneous recovery
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Studies of extinction in classical conditioning situations can reveal techniques that maximize the effectiveness of exposure-based behavior therapies. In three experiments, we investigated the effect of varying the intertrial interval during an extinction treatment in a fear-conditioning preparation with rats as subjects. In Experiment 1, we found less fear at test (i.e., more effective extinction) when extinction trials were widely spaced, relative to intermediate or massed extinction trials. In Experiment 2, we used an ABA renewal procedure and observed that spaced trials attenuated renewal of conditioned fear relative to massed trials. In Experiment 3, we used a similar design, but instead of changing the physical context at the time of testing, we interposed a retention interval after the extinction treatment to produce a change in the temporal context. The results showed less spontaneous recovery of fear after spaced than after massed extinction trials. These results suggest that extinction is more enduring when the extinction trials are spaced rather than massed. Although the benefits of spacing trials are small when there is no contextual change from extinction to testing, a change in either physical or temporal context following massed extinction trials leads to a recovery from extinction, which is reduced when the trials are spaced.
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In rat fear conditioning, spaced extinction trials are more effective than massed trials at establishing new memories.
“in rat fear conditioning spaced extinction trials are more effective than massed trials at establishing new memories22.”
From The right time to learn: Mechanisms and optimization of spaced learning (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
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Expanding the Intertrial Interval During Extinction: Response Cessation and Recovery
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The therapeutic expression of anger: Emotionally expressive writing and exposure
Patrick, C. J. (2013) · UWM Digital Commons (University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee)
- Authors
- Urcelay, G. P., Wheeler, D. S., & Miller, R. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Binghamton University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Miller, R. R.
- Venue
- Learning & Behavior
- Published
- 2009-02-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 60-73
- ISSN
- 1543-4494 (ISSN-L)
- 1543-4508
- PMC
- PMC2660520
- OpenAlex
- W2168282638
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 3.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Learning & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (33881)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH033881)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Keywords
- extinction, intertrial interval, fear conditioning, renewal, spontaneous recovery, context change, temporal context, rats
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Association Learning, Conditioning, Classical, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Female, Implosive Therapy, Male, Models, Psychological, Retention, Psychology, Time Factors, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Recognition, Psychology, Rats
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