Cited by 120Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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Acceptance versus reappraisal: Behavioral, autonomic, and neural effects

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Goldin, Philippe R., Moodie, Craig A., Gross, James J.·2019·Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience

DOI 10.3758/s13415-019-00690-7

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Abstract

Emotion regulation (ER) is an important skill for well-being. Cognitive reappraisal is a goal-oriented cognitive change strategy. Acceptance involves decentering from immediate habits of reactivity, observing moment-to-moment shifts in thoughts, emotions, and sensations. These two regulation strategies are thought to have different effects on emotion; however, no study has examined the differential effects of reappraisal and acceptance on behavioral, autonomic, and brain responses in the context of ideographic personally salient negative self-beliefs. Thirty-five right-handed, healthy adults were presented idiographic negative self-beliefs embedded in autobiographical scripts. We measured negative emotion ratings, autonomic psychophysiology, and functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygen-level dependent responses while participants read neutral statements, reacted to their own negative self-beliefs, and implemented reappraisal and acceptance strategies. Compared with react, reappraisal resulted in significantly lesser negative emotion and respiration rate; no differences in heart rate and skin conductance level; greater brain responses implicated in cognitive control, language, and social cognition; and lesser amygdala responses. Compared with react, acceptance resulted in significantly lesser negative emotion, respiration rate, and heart rate; no difference in skin conductance level; and greater brain responses in networks implicated in cognitive control and attention. Compared with acceptance, reappraisal resulted in significantly lesser negative emotion; no difference in respiration rate and skin conductance level; higher heart rate; greater brain responses in brain regions implicated in cognitive control; and lesser brain responses in amygdala. Reappraisal is more effective than acceptance in down-regulating negative emotion, but may require greater recruitment of autonomic, cognitive, and brain resources. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02036658.

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Authors: Goldin, P. R., Moodie, C. A., & Gross, J. J.
Affiliations: University of California, Davis (US)
Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author: Goldin, Philippe R.
ORCID: Goldin, Philippe R.
Moodie, Craig A.
Gross, James J.
Venue: Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2019-01-17
Volume: 19
Issue: 4
Pages: 927-944
ISSN: 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
1531-135X
DOI: 10.3758/s13415-019-00690-7
OpenAlex: W2910456144
Cited by: 120
References: 51
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3
FWCI: 11.97
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH076074)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, acceptance, negative self-beliefs, negative emotions, autonomic responses, heart rate, respiration rate, skin conductance, amygdala, cognitive control, self-referential processing
MeSH terms: Emotional Regulation, Adult, Affect, Amygdala, Attention, Autonomic Nervous System, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Heart Rate, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Net, Social Perception, Thinking, Young Adult, Respiratory Rate, Executive Function, Memory, Episodic

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Acceptance versus reappraisal: Behavioral, autonomic, and neural effects

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