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Acceptance versus reappraisal: Behavioral, autonomic, and neural effects
Open accessAbstract
Emotion regulation (ER) is an important skill for well-being. Cognitive reappraisal is a goal-oriented cognitive change strategy. Acceptance involves decentering from immediate habits of reactivity, observing moment-to-moment shifts in thoughts, emotions, and sensations. These two regulation strategies are thought to have different effects on emotion; however, no study has examined the differential effects of reappraisal and acceptance on behavioral, autonomic, and brain responses in the context of ideographic personally salient negative self-beliefs. Thirty-five right-handed, healthy adults were presented idiographic negative self-beliefs embedded in autobiographical scripts. We measured negative emotion ratings, autonomic psychophysiology, and functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygen-level dependent responses while participants read neutral statements, reacted to their own negative self-beliefs, and implemented reappraisal and acceptance strategies. Compared with react, reappraisal resulted in significantly lesser negative emotion and respiration rate; no differences in heart rate and skin conductance level; greater brain responses implicated in cognitive control, language, and social cognition; and lesser amygdala responses. Compared with react, acceptance resulted in significantly lesser negative emotion, respiration rate, and heart rate; no difference in skin conductance level; and greater brain responses in networks implicated in cognitive control and attention. Compared with acceptance, reappraisal resulted in significantly lesser negative emotion; no difference in respiration rate and skin conductance level; higher heart rate; greater brain responses in brain regions implicated in cognitive control; and lesser brain responses in amygdala. Reappraisal is more effective than acceptance in down-regulating negative emotion, but may require greater recruitment of autonomic, cognitive, and brain resources. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02036658.
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“We used a previously 23 validated version of the autobiographical social situation emotion-regulation task”
From Evaluation of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy vs Mindfulness Meditation in Brain Changes During Reappraisal and Acceptance Among Patients With Social Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2021) · cites this paper as [23]
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“These results converge with previously detected brain patterns in nonanxious healthy adults using the same autobiographical social situation emotion-regulation fMRI task 23 in executive attention control during acceptance of sad images, 36 and in perspective shifting and effortful attention during decentering from stressful events.37”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Goldin, P. R., Moodie, C. A., & Gross, J. J.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Stanford University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goldin, Philippe R.
- Venue
- Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2019-01-17
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 927-944
- ISSN
- 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-135X
- OpenAlex
- W2910456144
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 11.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01 MH076074)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, acceptance, negative self-beliefs, negative emotions, autonomic responses, heart rate, respiration rate, skin conductance, amygdala, cognitive control, self-referential processing
- MeSH terms
- Emotional Regulation, Adult, Affect, Amygdala, Attention, Autonomic Nervous System, Cerebral Cortex, Female, Galvanic Skin Response, Heart Rate, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Nerve Net, Social Perception, Thinking, Young Adult, Respiratory Rate, Executive Function, Memory, Episodic
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