Concreteness ratings for 40 thousand generally known English word lemmas
Open accessAbstract
Concreteness ratings are presented for 37,058 English words and 2,896 two-word expressions (such as zebra crossing and zoom in), obtained from over 4,000 participants by means of a norming study using Internet crowdsourcing for data collection. Although the instructions stressed that the assessment of word concreteness would be based on experiences involving all senses and motor responses, a comparison with the existing concreteness norms indicates that participants, as before, largely focused on visual and haptic experiences. The reported data set is a subset of a comprehensive list of English lemmas and contains all lemmas known by at least 85 % of the raters. It can be used in future research as a reference list of generally known English lemmas.
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The 12 subjects were balanced for abstract/concrete as a concept, using ratings from a dataset of concreteness values.
“These subjects additionally were balanced for how abstract or concrete they were as a concept”
From Design Guidelines for Prompt Engineering Text-to-Image Generative Models (2022) · cites this paper as [7]
Brysbaert et al. provide concreteness ratings for 37,058 English words.
“The concreteness norms published in Brysbaert et al. [42] provide ratings of 37,058 English words with respect to how concrete or abstract they are felt to be.”
From Five studies evaluating the impact on mental health and mood of recalling, reading, and discussing fiction (2022) · cites this paper as Brysbaert et al. [42]
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- Authors
- Brysbaert, M., Warriner, A. B., & Kuperman, V.
- Affiliations
- Ghent University (BE)
- McMaster University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Brysbaert, Marc
- Venue
- Behavior Research Methods
- Published
- 2013-10-19
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 904-911
- ISSN
- 1554-351X (ISSN-L)
- 1554-3528
- OpenAlex
- W1974991592
- Cited by
- 1,821
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 147 · 2025: 182 · 2024: 175 · 2023: 201 · 2022: 204 · 2021: 187 · 2020: 184 · 2019: 177 · 2018: 120 · 2017: 111 · 2016: 73 · 2015: 40 · 2014: 20
- FWCI
- 60.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Behavior Research Methods (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Categorization, perception, and language
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Language and Linguistics › Lexicography and Language Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- word concreteness, concreteness ratings, word norms, sensory experience
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Concept Formation, Emotions, Female, Humans, Language, Male, Middle Aged, Psycholinguistics, Semantics, United States, Internet, White People, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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