Continuous glucose monitoring metrics: interpretation and integrations
Abstract
Medical engineers continue to develop and enhance continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices and other devices to improve care for persons with diabetes. In a remarkably short period of time, these devices have become refined. Regardless, they can create concerns among healthcare providers and patients who experience "technostress," cannot keep up with technological changes, find the technology confusing, or experience inconvenience or a burden associated with the devices. Professional organizations have taken steps to standardize the reports generated by CGM devices, and familiarity with key terms and visuals that appear on these reports can improve their utility. Clinicians' knowledge and understanding of how to interpret the Ambulatory Glucose Profile (AGP) report can improve patient outcomes. In addition, organizations that recognize areas of workflow that may be impacted can implement processes that improve use of the standard AGP report.
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There is evidence that patients may not know how to interpret what to do with CGM data.
“While recent guidelines call for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) use for all who require insulin, regardless of diabetes type (7), there is also evidence that patients may not know how to interpret what to do with the CGM data (6, 8, 9).”
From Observed Glycemic and Psychosocial Benefits in the Prospective Bigfoot Unity Real World Study: A 6-Month Analysis (2025) · cites this paper as [8]
Cited by
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Tillman, J. B., Beck, R. W., Polonsky, W. H., Calhoun, P., Mouse, T., Bailey, R., Jacoby, J., Nandan, R., Sheikh, F. N., & Malone, J. K. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae778 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Considerations With Using a CGM in Older Individuals
Tadros, M., Sewell, H. E., & O’Neal, K. S. (2025) · The Senior Care Pharmacist · doi:10.4140/tcp.n.2025.283 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Diabetes Distress and Advanced Diabetes Technology Use in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes
Grulović, N., Altabas, V., & Baretić, M. (2026) · Endocrines · doi:10.3390/endocrines7020014
“While innovations in diabetes technology may offer greater convenience and precision, they may also cause frustration and confusion, especially for patients who experience difficulties with technology [15].”
Saybani, K., Mudiyanselage, I. A. A. M. S., & Arshad, A. (2026) · BMJ Open Quality · doi:10.1136/bmjoq-2025-004114
“20 To translate large volumes of device-generated data into meaningful clinical insights and reduce therapeutic inertia, this requires standardised procedures for data review, clearly defined escalation pathways and efficient integration of device data into electronic health records.”
- Authors
- Goldman, J. D.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jennifer D. Goldman
- ORCID
- Jennifer D. Goldman
- Venue
- The American Journal of Managed Care
- Published
- 2022-07-01
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- Suppl 4
- Pages
- S69-S75
- ISSN
- 1088-0224 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-2692
- OpenAlex
- W4293080167
- Cited by
- 4
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 0.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Journal of Managed Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Healthcare Technology and Patient Monitoring
- Keywords
- continuous glucose monitoring, ambulatory glucose profile, diabetes management, technostress, health professions education, clinical workflow, patient outcomes
- MeSH terms
- Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Humans, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
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