Chemical composition, mineral profile, anti-bacterial, and wound healing properties of snail slime of Helix aspersa Müller
Open accessAbstract
Mucus is a substance made by snails that serves a variety of purposes and is increasingly employed in the medical and cosmetic industries. It includes bioactive compounds with a range of biological characteristics that could be useful in the treatment of particular issues. This study assessed the wound-healing efficiency, antibacterial activity, chemical and mineral composition of Helix aspersa Müller slime. Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used for mineral analysis, while Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used for chemical characterization. The findings showed that the H. aspersa Müller slime had inhibitory activity on the test samples. Additionally, it revealed significant healing activity. These findings point to the chemical composition and various biological activities of the H. aspersa Müller slime, which may be related to the animal’s particular functions and be useful for medical applications. Our findings suggest that the H. aspersa Müller slime has biological effects related to antimicrobial activities and wound healing, and they pave the way for a more thorough investigation of its potential therapeutic effects.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A significant improvement was reported in rate and percentage of model wound closure in experimental groups of laboratory animals (mice and rats) vs control with topical application of filtered C. aspersum snail mucus, while wound-healing markers also improved (VEGF, alfa-sma).
“A significant improvement was reported in the rate and percentage of model wound closure in experimental groups of the laboratory animals (mice and rats) vs. control with the topical application of filtered C. aspersum snail mucus, while wound-healing markers also improved (VEGF, alfa-sma (a marker of cell differentiation)) [21,76].”
From Chemical Variability and Biological Potential of Cornu aspersum Mucus as a Source for the Development of New Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products (2025) · cites this paper as [21]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredStudies concerning angiogenesis indicate that snail mucus has different mechanisms of impact on the wound-healing process.
“In addition, the studies concerning angiogenesis [21,70,74,75,76] indicate that snail mucus has different mechanisms of impact on the wound-healing process.”
From Chemical Variability and Biological Potential of Cornu aspersum Mucus as a Source for the Development of New Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products (2025) · cites this paper as [21]
Section 3.4 (page unavailable) reports greater wound contraction with H. aspersa Müller slime, and the Introduction describes bioactive compounds and antibacterial activity. The paper does not report angiogenesis findings or establish different mechanisms by which the slime affects wound healing; those parts of the claim are unsupported. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 39
- [4]Smith VJ Desbois AP Dyrynda EA Conventional and unconventional antimicrobials from fish, marine invertebrates and micro-algae Mar Drugs 2010 8 1213 62 20479976 PMC2866484
- [5]Zhuang J Coates CJ Zhu H Zhu P Zujian W Xie L Identification of candidate antimicrobial peptides derived from abalone hemocyanin Dev Comp Immunol 2015 49 96 102 25445903
- [6]Pitt S Graham MA Ded CG Taylor-Harris PM Gunn A Antimicrobial properties of mucus from the brown garden snail Helix aspersa Br J Biomed Sci 2015 72 174 81 26738399
- [7]Li H Parisi MG Parrinello N Cammarata M Roch P Molluscan antimicrobial peptides, a review from activity-based evidences to computer-assisted sequences Invertebr Surviv J 2011 8 85 97
- [8]Cilia G Fratini F Antimicrobial properties of terrestrial snail and slug mucus J Compl Integr Med 2018 15 3 20170168 10.1515/jcim-2017-0168 29596054 · DOI
- [9]Meyer-Rochow VB Therapeutic arthropods and other, largely terrestrial, folk-medicinally important invertebrates: a comparative survey and review J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2017 13 9 28173820 PMC5296966
- [10]Trapella C Rizzo R Gallo S Alogna A Bortolotti D Casciano F HelixComplex snail mucus exhibits prosurvival, proliferative and pro-migration effects on mammalian fibroblasts Sci Rep 2018 8 17665 74 30518946 PMC6281574
- [11]Greistorfer S Klepal W Cyran N Gugumuck A Rudoll L Suppan J Snail mucus glandular origin and composition in Helix pomatia Zoology 2017 122 126 38 28554685
- [12]Truchuelo MT Vitale M A cosmetic treatment based on the secretion of Cryptomphalus aspersa 40% improves the clinical results after the use of nonablative fractional laser in skin aging J Cosmet Dermatol 2019 19 622 8 31222893 PMC7027885
- [13]Fabi SG Cohen JL Peterson JD Kiripolsky MG Goldman MP The effects of filtrate of the secretion of the Cryptomphalus aspersa on photoaged skin J Drugs Dermatol JDD 2013 12 4 453 7 23652894
- [16]Ellijimi C Hammouda MB Othman H Moslah W Jebali J Mabrouk HB Helix aspersa maxima mucus exhibits antimelanogenic and antitumoral effects against melanoma cells Biomed Pharmacother 2018 101 871 80 29635896
- [17]El Mubarak MA Lamari FN Kontoyannis C Simultaneous determination of allantoin and glycolic acid in snail mucus and cosmetic creams with high performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection J Chromatogr A 2013 1322 49 53 24239039
- [19]Dolashka-Angelova P Stefanova T Livaniou E Velkova L Klimentzou P Stevanovic S Potentiel immunologique de Helix vulgaris et Rapana venosa Hemocyanins Immunol Invest 2008 37 8 822 40 10.1080/08820130802403366 18991098 · DOI
- [22]Ali SS Morsy R El-Zawawy NA Fareed M Bedaiwy MY Synthesized zinc peroxide nanoparticles (ZnO2-NPs): a novel antimicrobial, anti-elastase, antikeratinase, and anti-inflammatory approach toward polymicrobial burn wounds Int J Nanomed 2017 12 12 6059 607 PMC5573044 28860766
- [23]At Ar Hafez SF Abdelhakam SM Ali-Eldin ZA Esmat IM Elsayed MS Antimicrobial resistant bacteria among health care workers in intensive care units at Ain Shams University Hospitals J Egypt Soc Parasitol 2010 40 1 71 83 20503587
- [24]Zlatko K Commentary Development of next-generation antimicrobial hydrogel dressing to combat burn wound infection Biosci Rep 2021 41 202 9 PMC7871032 33404045
- [25]Daemi A Lotfi M Farahpour MR Oryan A Ghayour SJ Sonboli A Topical application of Cinnamomum hydroethanolic extract improves wound healing by enhancing reepithelialization and keratin biosynthesis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice Pharmaceut Biol 2019 57 1 799 806 PMC6882457 31760838
- [29]El Moussaoui A Jawhari FZ Almehdi AM Elmsellem H Fikri Benbrahim K Bousta D Antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity of total polyphenols of withania frutescens L Bioorg Chem 2019 93 103337 31627061
- [30]Wiegand I Hilpert K Hancock R Agar and broth dilution methods to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobial substance Nat Protoc 2008 3 163 75 18274517
- [31]Akbari F Azadbakht M Bagheri A Vahedi L In vitro and in vivo wound healing activity of Astragalus Floccosus Boiss. (Fabaceae) Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sci 2022 2022 1 PMC8983193 35392504
- [32]Farmoudeh A Akbari J Saeedi M Ghasemi M Asemi N Nokhodchi A Methylene blue-loaded niosome: preparation, physicochemical characterization, and in vivo wound healing assessment Drug Delivery and Translational Res 2020 10 5 1428 41 10.1007/s13346-020-00715-6 PMC7447683 32100265 · DOI
- [33]Barghouthi SA Ayyad I Ayesh M Abu-Lafi S Isolation, identification, and characterization of the novel antibacterial agent methoxyphenyl-oxime from streptomyces pratensis QUBC97 isolate J Antibio Res 2017 1 1 105 10.15744/2574-5980.1.105 · DOI
- [35]Muthukrishnan S Prakathi P Sivakumar T Thiruvengadam M Jayaprakash B Baskar V Composants bioactifs etpotentiel de santé de la diversité microfongique endophytique dans les plantes médicinales Antibiotiques 2022 11 1533 10.3390/antibiotics11111533 · DOI
- [38]Siddiqui K Bawazeer N Joy SS Variation in macro and trace elements in progression of type 2 diabetes Sci World J 2014 2014 461591 10.1155/2014/461591 PMC4138889 25162051 · DOI
- [39]Grela ER Samolinska W Kiczorowska B Klebaniuk R Kiczorowski P Content of minerals and fatty acids and their correlation with phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activity of leguminous seeds Biol Trace Elem Res 2017 180 2 338 48 28357649 PMC5662658
- [40]Pandya DP Oxidant injury and antioxidant prevention: role of dietary antioxidants, minerals, and drugs in the management of coronary heart disease Compr Ther 2002 28 1 62 73 11894444
- [41]Lachkar N Lamchouri F Bouabid K Boulfia M Senhaji S Stitou M Mineral composition, phenolic content, and in vitro antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of aqueous and organic extracts of Haloxylon scoparium aerial parts Evid base Compl Alternative Med 2021 2021 20 PMC8531785 34691229
- [42]Phan TN Buckner T Sheng J Baldeck JD Marquis RE Physiologic actions of zinc related to inhibition of acid and alkali production by oral streptococci in suspensions and biofilms Oral Microbiol Immunol 2004 19 31 8 14678472
- [43]Noothuan N Apitanyasai K Panha S Tassanakajon A Snail mucus from the mantle and foot of two land snails, Lissachatina fulica and Hemiplecta distincta, exhibits different protein profile and biological activity BMC Res Notes 2021 14 138 10.1186/s13104-021-05557-0 33858499 PMC8050916 · DOI · Paper page
- [44]Gugliandolo E Cordaro M Fusco R Peritore AF Syracuse R Genovese T Protective effect of snail secretion filtrate against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice Sci Rep 2021 11 3638 10.1038/s41598-021-83170-8 33574472 PMC7878904 · DOI · Paper page
- [45]Atta SA Ibrahim AM Megahed FAK In-vitro anticancer and antioxidant activities of eremina desertorum (forsskal, 1775) snail mucin Asian Pac J Cancer Prev APJCP 2021 22 11 3467 74 10.31557/APJCP.2021.22.11.3467 34837901 PMC9068163 · DOI
- [47]El-Zawawy NA Mona MM Antimicrobial efficacy of Egyptian Eremina desertorum and Helix aspersa snail mucus with a novel approach to their anti-inflammatory and wound healing potencies Sci Rep 2021 11 24317 10.1038/s41598-021-03664-3 34934098 PMC8692597 · DOI · Paper page
- [49]Bortolotti D Trapella C Bernardi T Rizzo R Letter to the Editor: antimicrobial properties of mucus from the brown garden snail Helix aspersa Br J Biomed Sci 2016 73 49 50 27182678
- [53]Dolashka P Dolashki A Beeumen JV Floetenmeyerd M Velkova L Stevanovic S Antimicrobial activity of molluscan hemocyanins from Helix and Rapana snails Curr Pharmaceut Biotechnol 2016 17 263 70 26343131
- [54]Mukherjee S Barman S Mandal NC Bhattacharya S Antibacterial activity of Achatina CRP and its mechanism of action Indian J Exp Biol 2014 52 692 704 25059037
- [55]Zhong J Wang W Yang X Yan X Liu R A novel cysteinerich antimicrobial peptide from the mucus of the snail of Achatina fulica Peptides 2013 39 1 5 23103587
- [56]Han G Ceilley R Chronic wound healing: a review of current management and treatments Adv Ther 2017 34 3 599 610 28108895 PMC5350204
- [57]Galiano RD Michaels VJ Dobryansky M Levine JP Gurtner GC Quantitative and reproducible murine model of excisional wound healing Wound Repair Regen 2004 12 4 485 92 15260814
- [58]Farahpour MR Pirkhezr E Ashrafian A Sonboli A Accelerated healing by topical administration of Salvia officinalis essential oil on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus infected wound model Biomed Pharmacother 2020 128 110120 32460189
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hudz, N., Turkina, V., Alyokhina, T., Motyka, O., Chemerys, N., Rumynska, T., Lozynskyi, A., Jasicka-Misiak, I., & Kobylinska, L. (2025) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules30214197 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Aouji, M., Rkhaila, A., Bouhaddioui, B., Zirari, M., Harifi, H., Taboz, Y., Lrhorfi, L. A., & Bengueddour, R.
- Affiliations
- Université Ibn-Tofail (MA)
- Corresponding author
- Aouji, Marouane
- ORCID
- Venue
- BioMedicine
- Publisher
- China Medical University
- Published
- 2023-11-27
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 10-19
- ISSN
- 2211-8020 (ISSN-L)
- 2211-8039
- PMC
- PMC10962538
- OpenAlex
- W4389074468
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8
- FWCI
- 5.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biomedicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Mollusks and Parasites Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Wound Healing and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry and biological activity of medicinal plants
- Keywords
- Helix aspersa, snail slime, mucus, chemical composition, mineral composition, antibacterial activity, wound healing, bioactive compounds
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review