Formación en Valores en Instituciones de Educación Básica Elemental

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Moral identity should be of interest to educational institutions and should be instilled by teachers (Faustinelli, 2022).

“La identidad moral debe ser de interés para las instituciones educativas y debe ser inculcada por los docentes.”

• cites Faustinelli 2022 sourcePartly supported

  Section II says institutions need a program of education in values, and Section IV describes the school as important in shaping values and democratic culture. These passages support the educational-institution aspect, but they do not specifically say that teachers should instill moral identity. (LLM, conf=0.82)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

May combine two claims.

Participatory pedagogical strategies, educational community commitment, and coherence between curriculum and teaching practice are important for strengthening coexistence, social responsibility, and respect in school.

“destacando la importancia de estrategias pedagógicas participativas, el compromiso de la comunidad educativa y la coherencia entre el currículo y la práctica docente, los cuales ocupan una posición significativa en el fortalecimiento de la convivencia, la responsabilidad social y el respeto en el ámbito escolar.”

May combine two claims.

De la Cruz et al. (2024) and Molina & Loor (2023) agree that values formation is fundamental and has a relevant impact on the progress of the child's moral conscience.

“se concluye que De la Cruz et al. (2024) y Molina & Loor (2023), concuerdan que la formación en valores es fundamental e influye de impacto relevante en el progreso de la conciencia moral del niño.”

• cites De la Cruz et al. (2024)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Molina & Loor (2023)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

In Ecuador, Molina & Loor (2023) found that values education is relevant and has a positive influence on the formation of children's personal ethics.

“Por su parte, en Ecuador Molina & Loor (2023), en su estudio encontraron que la educación en valores es relevante, teniendo influencia positiva en la formación de la ética personal de los niños”

• cites Molina & Loor (2023)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Rosado et al. (2025) emphasized the collaborative role between educational institutions and families, with the goal of strengthening an environment of knowledge favourable to children's moral conscience.

“Asimismo, tiene afinidad con lo reportado en Ecuador por Rosado et al. (2025), quienes enfatizaron el papel colaborativo entre instituciones educativas y las familias, con la meta de afianzar un entorno de conocimiento favorable a la conciencia moral de los niños.”

• cites Rosado et al. (2025)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The reviewed studies show complementary approaches: Vélez & Yaguana (2024) emphasize the values curriculum as a basis for development, while Aponte et al. (2024) and Godoy (2023) propose strengthening the teaching-values connection.

“Los estudios muestran enfoques complementarios:Vélez & Yaguana (2024) enfatizan el currículo en valores como base del desarrollo, mientras Aponte et al. (2024) y Godoy (2023), proponen fortalecer la conexión enseñanza-valores.”

• cites Vélez & Yaguana (2024)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Aponte et al. (2024)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Godoy (2023)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The findings of De la Cruz et al. (2024) coincide with research in Ecuador, evidencing that children's moral conscience is strengthened through values formation sustained by family commitment and school-home collaboration.

“de De la Cruz et al. (2024) coinciden con investigaciones en Ecuador, lo que evidencia que la conciencia moral infantil se fortalece mediante una formación en valores, sustentada en el compromiso familiar y la colaboración entre escuela y hogar.”

• cites De la Cruz et al. (2024)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Martínez et al. (2025) indicated that stories are determinant as modellers of the child's moral conscience and thought.

“que guarda similitud con los hallazgos en Ecuador, por Martínez et al. (2025), quienes indicaron que los cuentos son determinantes como modeladores de la conciencia moral y el pensamiento del niño”

• cites Martínez et al. (2025)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The institution must equip students to overcome obstacles with individual responsibility and social solidarity; therefore, their correct formation is key (Rueda et al., 2024).

“La institución debe dotar a los estudiantes para superar los obstáculos con responsabilidad individual y solidaridad social, por ello, es clave su correcta formación.”

• cites Rueda et al. 2024Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

193 documents were excluded for not meeting quality, thematic relevance, or methodological adequacy requirements.

“Posteriormente, se excluyeron 193 documentos por no cumplir con los requisitos de calidad, de relevancia temática o de adecuación metodológica.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Values education is one of the most important pedagogical pillars within the classroom and institutional methodology (Ching et al., 2024).

“Ching et al. (2024), afirmaron que la educación en valores es uno de los pilares pedagógicos más importantes dentro del aula y la metodología institucional.”

• cites Ching et al. (2024)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Personal responsibility is fundamental in infants because it prepares them for their future life (López, 2021).

“La responsabilidad personal es fundamental en los infantes, ya que los prepara para su vida futura.”

• cites López 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Values formation in young people has gained importance, especially in the contemporary educational context (Yépez & Correa, 2024).

“Yépez & Correa (2024) señalaron que la formación en valores en los jóvenes ha cobrado importancia, especialmente en el contexto educativo contemporáneo.”

• cites Yépez & Correa (2024)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

Values education is indispensable for integral student formation and consolidation of more inclusive, participatory, and ethical educational communities.

“Este componente se reconoce como indispensable para la formación integral del estudiante y la consolidación de comunidades educativas más inclusivas, participativas y éticas.”

May combine two claims.

Teacher and family play a fundamental role in values formation in children.

“En conclusión, el docente y la familia desempeñan un papel fundamental en la formación de valores en los niños”

May combine two claims.

20 articles met the established parameters and formed the final corpus for qualitative analysis and discussion.

“Finalmente, 20 artículos cumplieron con los parámetros establecidos y conformaron el corpus definitivo para el análisis cualitativo y la discusión de los hallazgos”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Values formation constitutes a primordial pillar for an equitable and solidary society.

“En la definición de la variable formación en valores, esta constituye un pilar primordial para una sociedad equitativa y solidaria.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Values education is currently a vitally important topic for the education of new generations (Fernández & López, 2024).

“Fernández & López (2024), indicaron que la educación en valores es actualmente un tema de vital importancia para la educación de las nuevas generaciones.”

• cites Fernández & López (2024)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Stories are determinant in the formation of children's moral conscience and thought (Martínez et al., 2025).

“Indicaron que los cuentos son determinantes en la formación de la conciencia moral y del pensamiento del niño.”

• cites Martínez et al. 2025Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Values formation constitutes the core of each pedagogical activity for disseminating right and just principles, fundamental for strengthening children's moral identity (Domínguez, 2024).

“Encontraron que la formación en valores constituye el núcleo de cada actividad pedagógica para la difusión de principios rectos y justos, fundamentales para fortalecer la identidad moral de los niños.”

• cites Domínguez 2024Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Values formation manifests through teaching moral conscience, construction of moral identity, and strengthening personal responsibility.

“Este proceso se manifiesta a través de la enseñanza de la conciencia moral, la construcción de la identidad moral y el fortalecimiento de la responsabilidad personal”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The relevance of values formation lies mainly in its forging from home to school; the teacher's work is to guarantee its teaching in the classroom, favoring understanding by all students.

“la relevancia de la formación en valores radica principalmente en su forjamiento desde el hogar hasta la escuela; de este modo, la labor del docente consiste en garantizar su enseñanza en el aula, favoreciendo su comprensión por parte de todo el estudiantado.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Good pedagogical management contributes to strengthening infants' moral conscience, allowing them to distinguish good from bad (Arévalo y Ríos, 2021).

“Una buena gestión pedagógica contribuye al fortalecimiento de la conciencia moral de los infantes, permitiéndoles distinguir lo bueno de lo malo.”

• cites Arévalo y Ríos 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

It is important that the educational curriculum fosters empathy and respect in students, leading to adequate values development (Vélez & Yaguana, 2024).

“quienes obtuvieron que es importante que el currículo educativo fomente la empatía y el respeto en los estudiantes, obteniendo un adecuado desarrollo de valores.”

• cites Vélez & Yaguana (2024)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Values education is a fundamental pillar for children's moral identity because it allows them to acquire moral and ethical principles that guide their decisions (Ponce et al., 2022).

“La educación en valores es un pilar fundamental para la identidad moral de los niños, porque les permite adquirir principios morales y éticos que guíen cada una de sus decisiones.”

• cites Ponce et al. 2022Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Most children in their study managed to identify their emotions, highlighting their personal responsibility (Villacís et al., 2024).

“La mayor parte de los niños de su investigación lograron identificar sus emociones, lo que resalta su responsabilidad personal.”

• cites Villacís et al. 2024Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Strengthening moral identity in infants is of great educational interest and should be present in school plans at all academic levels (Aranda, 2023).

“El fortalecimiento de la identidad moral en los infantes es de gran interés educativo, por ello, debe estar presente en los planes escolares de todos los niveles académicos.”

• cites Aranda 2023Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The absence of values and personal responsibility in children is a national challenge (Chávez, 2021).

“La ausencia de valores y de responsabilidad personal en los niños es un desafío nacional.”

• cites Chávez 2021Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Values formation and principles acquired from childhood to adulthood allow the individual to maintain harmonious coexistence in society.

“Lo descrito expresa la formación en valores y principios adquiridos desde la infancia hasta la edad adulta, lo que permite al individuo mantener una convivencia armónica en la sociedad.”

May combine two claims.

The discrepancy between Ecuadorian and Spanish studies evidences different approaches and suggests the need for contextualized strategies.

“Esta discrepancia evidencia enfoques distintos y sugiere la necesidad de estrategias contextualizadas.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

These dimensions allow children to understand the importance of respect, solidarity, justice, and cooperation in their school and social relations.

“dimensiones que permiten a los niños comprender la importancia del respeto, la solidaridad, la justicia y la cooperación en sus relaciones escolares y sociales.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Collaborative role between educational institutions and families strengthens a knowledge environment favorable to children's moral conscience (Rosado et al., 2025).

“Enfatizaron el papel colaborativo entre las instituciones educativas y las familias para afianzar un entorno de conocimiento favorable a la conciencia moral de los niños.”

• cites Rosado et al. 2025Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Values education is not static but develops through a systemic path influenced by political, social, economic conditions and the environment.

“la educación en valores no se conserva estática, sino que se desarrolla bajo una vía sistémica, influenciada por condiciones políticas, sociales, económicas y el entorno”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Moral thought begins with a focus on consequences and progressively develops in adults.

“la teoría propone que el pensamiento moral empieza por un enfoque en las consecuencias y, progresivamente, se desarrolla en los adultos.”

• cites Florentino (2023)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

It is primordial to retake family support in the progress of moral conscience formation in infants (Conopoima, 2022).

“Cuyos resultados indicaron que es primordial retomar el apoyo familiar en el progreso de formación de la conciencia moral en los infantes.”

• cites Conopoima 2022Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The studies by Villacís et al. (2024) and Rueda et al. (2024) agree that education is key in children because it serves for acquiring the value of personal responsibility.

“De estos antecedentes se concluye que las investigaciones de Villacís et al. (2024) y Rueda et al. (2024), concuerdan en sus resultados porque ambos estudios resaltaron que la educación es clave en los niños porque sirve para la adquisición del valor de la responsabilidad personal”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Service-learning methodologies allow for more effective and creative values formation (Yaguana & Placencia, 2021).

“quienes señalaron que la aplicación de metodologías de aprendizaje basado en servicio permite lograr una formación en valores más eficaz y creativa.”

• cites Yaguana & Placencia (2021)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

Values formation transcends transmission of knowledge and becomes an integral process oriented to cultivating qualities such as duty, sincerity, and courtesy.

“Además, trasciende la transmisión de saberes y se convierte en un proceso integral orientado al cultivo de cualidades, entre ellas: deber, sinceridad y cortesía.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Today there are so many negative threats for youth that it is important they have solid values to help them make firm decisions without external influence of harmful factors (Verano et al., 2025).

“De acuerdo con Verano et al. (2025), hoy en día existen tantas amenazas negativas para los jóvenes que resulta importante que cuenten con valores sólidos que les ayuden a tomar decisiones con firmeza, sin la influencia externa de factores dañinos.”

• cites Verano et al. (2025)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Formation of children's moral identity should be imparted in educational institutions (Pionce et al., 2024).

“La formación de la identidad moral de los niños es necesaria que sea impartida en las instituciones educativas.”

• cites Pionce et al. 2024Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The concept of values formation implies its acquisition at an early age, mainly in the family environment, and it develops in educational institutions at different levels.

“Así, el concepto de formación en valores implica su adquisición a una edad temprana, principalmente en el entorno familiar, y esta se desarrolla en las instituciones educativas de diferentes niveles.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development establishes how individuals evolve in their understanding and reasoning about good and bad over the years (Florentino, 2023).

“la Teoría del Desarrollo Moral de Lawrence Kohlberg, según Florentino (2023), establece la manera en que los individuos evoluciona en su entendimiento y razonamiento acerca de lo que es bueno y malo a través de los años.”

• cites Florentino (2023)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Values formation is an integral process that allows individual development throughout life, determining personality.

“En este aspecto, la formación en valores es un proceso integral que permite el desarrollo del individuo a lo largo de su vida, determinando su personalidad.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

Values education is relevant and exerts a positive influence on the formation of children's personal ethics (Molina y Loor, 2023).

“encontraron que la educación en valores es relevante y ejerce una influencia positiva en la formación de la ética personal de los niños.”

• cites Molina y Loor 2023Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

Values formation in elementary basic education institutions is an intentional process that seeks to develop ethical and moral principles in students to guide their daily behavior.

“La formación en valores en las instituciones educativas de Educación Básica Elemental se caracteriza por ser un proceso intencionado que busca desarrollar en los estudiantes principios éticos y morales que guíen su comportamiento en la vida cotidiana.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The teacher's and family's role in values formation involves being models of ethical conduct, creating a climate of respect and trust, integrating values into the curriculum, and fostering dialogue, critical reflection, and moral conscience.

“su labor implica ser modelos de conducta ética, crear un clima de respeto y confianza, integrar los valores en el currículo y fomentar el diálogo, la reflexión crítica y la conciencia moral.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

Values formation plays a fundamental role in educating integral and responsible individuals.

“La formación en valores desempeña un papel fundamental en la educación de individuos íntegros y responsables.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

Values education must be conceived through timely actions to improve the social scenario of the population (Pérez et al., 2024).

“en palabras de Pérez et al. (2024), debe concebirse a través de acciones oportunas, con la finalidad de mejorar el escenario social de la población.”

• cites Pérez et al. (2024)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The review used PRISMA 2020 as a methodological tool to organize and make transparent the search and selection process.

“Se empleó la guía PRISMA 2020 actualizada como herramienta metodológica para organizar y transparentar el proceso de búsqueda y selección de la literatura, siguiendo las etapas de identificación, cribado, elegibilidad e inclusión.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The initial search identified 213 articles.

“En la fase inicial se localizaron 213 artículos”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

The review was conducted following ethical and academic principles guaranteeing scientific integrity.

“La investigación, de carácter de revisión sistemática, se elaboró siguiendo principios éticos y académicos que garantizan la integridad científica.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

Personal responsibility is the obligation each person has to answer for their own decisions and consequences.

“La dimensión responsabilidad personal, de acuerdo con Rosa (2023) se define como la obligación que cada persona posee de responder de sus propias decisiones y consecuencias.”

• cites Rosa (2023)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

Moral identity is the set of values and principles with which an individual identifies and which determine their way of thinking, of coping with events and of behaving.

“la dimensión identidad moral, según Tom et al. (2025), se refiere al conjunto de valores y principios con los que un individuo se identifica y determina su manera de pensar, sobrellevar eventos y comportarse”

• cites Tom et al. (2025)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Values formation in Elementary Basic Education institutions is a primordial pillar for the integral development of students, since it strengthens their capacity for respectful and responsible coexistence in society.

“La importancia de la investigación radica en que la formación en valores en las instituciones de Educación Básica Elemental constituye un pilar primordial para el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes, ya que fortalece su capacidad de convivencia respetuosa y responsable en la sociedad.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Teachers are not only transmitters of knowledge but formers of ethical behaviour for their students.

“sino formadores en el comportamiento ético para sus estudiantes.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The study did not require approval by an ethics committee because of its documentary and systematic-review character, based exclusively on scientific articles available in academic databases.

“El presente estudio no requirió la aprobación de un comité de ética debido a su carácter documental y a su revisión sistemática, basada exclusivamente en artículos científicos disponibles en bases de datos académicas.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Moral identity is formed by the moral norms described directly in role models, which are accepted by the society in which the individual lives.

“se forma por las normas morales que se describen directamente en los modelos de conducta, los cuales son admitidos por la sociedad en donde habita”

• cites Tom et al. (2025)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Personal responsibility consists in what an individual is obliged to do, and although it is usually related to morality, it can also arise from a norm or a regulation.

“la responsabilidad personal consiste en aquello que un individuo tiene obligado a realizar; si bien suele relacionarse con lo moral, también puede surgir de una normativa o de un reglamento.”

• cites Rosa (2023)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Determining moral conscience, establishing moral identity and recognizing personal responsibility will allow the design of more effective educational programmes that prepare students to be integral persons with solid principles.

“Por esta causa, al determinar la conciencia moral, establecer la identidad moral y reconocer la responsabilidad personal, se permitirá diseñar programas educativos más efectivos que preparen a los estudiantes para ser personas íntegras y con principios sólidos.”

May combine two claims.

The review included articles published between 2021 and 2025, in Spanish and English, that addressed values formation in different educational institutions.

“Se efectuó una revisión bibliográfica, enfocada en artículos publicados entre 2021 y 2025, en español e inglés, que abordaron la formación en valores en diferentes instituciones educativas, seleccionando una muestra de 20 estudios”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The dimensions that make up the values-formation variable are moral conscience, moral identity and personal responsibility.

“Las dimensiones que forman parte de la variable formación en valores comprenden: conciencia moral, identidad moral y responsabilidad personal, según Edling et al. (2022)”

• cites Edling et al. (2022)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Moral conscience, moral identity and personal responsibility are fundamental for the development of citizens capable of facing social and cultural challenges in an ethical and committed manner.

“mediante el análisis se busca comprender la conciencia moral, la identidad moral y la responsabilidad personal, reconociendo que dichas dimensiones son fundamentales para el desarrollo de ciudadanos capaces de enfrentar los retos sociales y culturales de manera ética y comprometida.”

May combine two claims.

No intervention with human participants was carried out and no personal, sensitive or identifiable data were used.

“No se realizó intervención con participantes humanos ni se utilizaron datos personales, sensibles o identificables.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Moral conscience is an inner voice that guides individuals about what they may and may not do and about what is right and wrong, allowing them to make sound decisions and to correct their behaviour when necessary.

“la dimensión conciencia moral se refiere a aquella voz interior que orienta a los individuos en torno a lo que puede y no puede hacer, lo que es correcto y lo que es incorrecto, permitiendo tomar decisiones acertadas y corregir su comportamiento cuando hace falta”

• cites Edling et al. (2022)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The author declares that no conflict of interest exists that could affect the conduct of this study.

“La autora declara que no existe ningún conflicto de interés que pueda afectar la realización de este estudio”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Moral conscience can be related to social values, such as civic duty.

“la conciencia moral puede relacionarse con valores sociales, tales es el caso del deber ciudadano”

• cites Edling et al. (2022)Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The whole work was carried out independently and with the author's own resources, which guaranteed impartiality and scientific rigour at each stage of the research process.

“La totalidad del trabajo se llevó a cabo de manera independiente y con recursos propios, lo que garantizó la imparcialidad y el rigor científico en cada una de las etapas del proceso investigativo.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The study was carried out in an orderly and transparent manner, integrating the PRISMA-guided selection structure with the qualitative interpretation of the content.

“se realizó de manera ordenada y transparente, integrando la estructura de selección orientada por PRISMA con la interpretación cualitativa del contenido.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Responsible use of the sources, adequate citation, traceability of the documentary selection process and academic integrity in the analysis and interpretation of the information were guaranteed.

“Se garantizó el uso responsable de las fuentes, la citación adecuada, la trazabilidad del proceso de selección documental y la integridad académica en el análisis e interpretación de la información.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The author declares that she has received no funding from any public, private or commercial institution for carrying out this research.

“La autora declara que no ha recibido financiamiento de ninguna institución pública, privada o comercial para la realización de esta investigación.”