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Cited by 1Public Administration in Developing NationsPoverty, Education, and Child WelfareChild Welfare and Adoption

Financial Resource Availability and Implementation of Child Protection and Safeguarding Programs in Kwale County, Kenya

Open access
Wainaina Ndungu, Antony, Wambua, Sarah Waeni, Ochoi, Kepha·2024·International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT)
DOI 10.38124/ijisrt/ijisrt24sep842
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Abstract

The Kenya child protection data on Kwale County revealed an increase of child negligence cases from 49.6% in 2020-2021 to 61.7% in 2022-2023. This has led to the establishment of various child protection and safeguarding programs to curb child protection and safeguarding menace in the county. Despite this effort, implementing such child protection and safeguarding programs has experienced problems. Thus the purpose of this study was to establish the influence of financial resource availability in the implementation of Child Protection and Safeguarding Programs in Kwale County, Kenya .The research was grounded in complexity theory and implementation theory. A descriptive research approach was employed to accurately depict the target population, which included key program personnel such as social workers, government officials, and child/probation officers involved in child protection programs in Kwale County. The sampling frame encompassed personnel from 11 NGOs, 2 government agencies, and 3 rescue centers currently implementing child protection programs in the county. Proportionate and simple random sampling were used for the NGOs and CBOs, while census sampling was employed for the government agencies and rescue centers. Of the 141 selected participants for the sample, 132 responded to the open and closed-ended questionnaires. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS, including descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (correlation and multiple linear regression).Correlation analysis revealed that a financial resource availability showed a correlation of (r=0.859, p=0.000). Multiple linear regression indicated financial resource availability had a significant positive impact (B=0.351, p=0.00).To enhance child protection programs in Kwale County, the study recommends that organizations diversify funding sources, Implement clear reporting mechanisms and independent oversight committees can enhance transparency and accountability. Long-term financial planning, including emergency funds and scenario planning, along with stakeholder engagement, will help create a stable financial environment for implementing child protection and safeguarding programs in Kwale County.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

Financial resource availability was strongly and positively associated with implementation of child protection and safeguarding programs in Kwale County, Kenya. In a survey of 132 program personnel, financial resource availability correlated r=0.859 and had a regression coefficient B=0.351 (p=0.00).

Key findings

  • Financial resource availability had a strong positive correlation with implementation (r=0.859, p=0.000, N=132).
  • Multiple linear regression showed financial resource availability had a significant positive impact (B=0.351, p=0.00); the overall model with four predictors had R=0.902, R²=0.814, F=139.272, p=.000.
  • The composite mean for financial availability was 3.92 (SD=1.186); 93.2% agreed financial availability is important for successful implementation, while 64.4% agreed there were reliable and consistent funding sources and 35.6% expressed concern about sustainability.
  • The implementation composite mean was 4.02 (SD=0.958); 86.4% believed the programs were sustainable and 84.8% perceived a reduction in child protection and safeguarding cases since implementation.

Methods

  • Descriptive survey design; target population was 204 key personnel from 11 NGOs/CBOs, 2 government agencies, and 3 rescue centers in Kwale County. The sample was 141, using proportionate and simple random sampling for NGOs/CBOs and census sampling for government agencies and rescue centers; 132 questionnaires were completed and returned (94% response rate).
  • Data were collected with structured closed-ended and a few open-ended questionnaires administered physically and via Google Forms. Reliability was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha, with implementation at 0.858 and financial resource availability at 0.882.
  • Analysis used SPSS for descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression), grounded in complexity theory and implementation theory.

Limitations

  • Stated: implementation theory often assumes adequate resources such as finances, which may not be the case in child protection where funding is constrained; complexity theory is criticized for not providing precise formulas needed to fix social problems.
  • Evident: the study is a cross-sectional descriptive survey in one county using self-reported Likert-scale responses, and high standard deviations (e.g., financial availability SD=1.186) indicate varied opinions and possible unaddressed concerns.
  • Evident: no explicit study limitations section is provided, and the design supports association rather than causal claims.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.38124/ijisrt/ijisrt24sep842

Cites

68 of 68 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

2 of 27 cited sources checked · 1 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Findingown data

    10.6% of respondents received training sponsorship from donors.

    “Additionally, 10.6% of respondents received training sponsorship from donors”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    The mean score for the statement that there is reduction in child protection and safeguarding cases since implementation was 4.03.

    “With a mean of 4.03, the data indicates that over 84.8% of respondents perceive a reduction in child protection and safeguarding cases following the program's implementation.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    82.6% of respondents had their training sponsored by the organization or agency they were with.

    “Table 11 shows that the majority of respondents, 82.6%, had their training related to their position sponsored by the organization or agency they were with.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    9.1% of respondents had been in their positions for 7-9 years in child protection and safeguarding programs.

    “and 9.1% had been in their positions for 7-9 years in child protection and safeguarding programs.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    7% of respondents had their training sponsored through individual efforts.

    “7% had their training sponsored through individual efforts”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 53
  • May combine two claims. 28
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 1

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Implementation theory often assumes the availability of adequate resources such as finances, which may not be the case in child protection, where funding is often constrained.

    “It often assumes the availability of adequate resources such finances, which may not be the case in child protection, where funding is often constrained.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Beidas et al., 2022 source

      Theme 3 says implementation strategies designed for maximal theoretical effect can lack affordability, and Theme 5 says some care settings are chronically underfunded and under-resourced. The paper does not say that implementation theory generally assumes adequate finances or identify child protection as a funding-constrained setting. (LLM, conf=0.83)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Shabir (2023) argues that successful completion of a project relies not only on a competent project manager and solving differences effectively but also on factors such as financial resource availability.

    “Shabir (2023) argues that the successful completion of a project relies not only on having a competent project manager and solving differences effectively but also on a number of other factors such as Financial Resource Availability.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Shabir (2023) source

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    Finances are effectively monitored and there is accountability to ensure efficient use of funds, with 81.8% agreement and mean 4.14 (SD 1.025).

    “Finances are effectively monitored and there is accountability to ensure efficient use of funds 7(5.3%) 1(0.8%) 16(12.1%)51(38.6%)57(43.2%)4.14 1.025”
    • Also stated in: §  Financial Availability. · boosted
      “The high mean score of 4.14 reflects strong confidence in the program's financial monitoring and accountability practices.The 81.8% agreement rate indicates that respondents believe funds are being used efficiently and for their intended purposes”
    • Also stated in: § V. CONCLUSIONS · plain
      “From the findings, effective monitoring and accountability practices are seen as a strength”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    1% of respondents had their training sponsored by partners of their organizations/agencies.

    “and 1% had their training sponsored by partners of their organizations/agencies.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    There is financial long-term planning or emergency funds in case of disruptions in child protection and safeguarding activities, with 75.0% agreement and mean 3.78 (SD 1.174).

    “Financial long term planning or emergency funds in case of disruptions in 7 (5.3%)20(15.2%)6(4.5%) 61(46.2%)38(28.8%)3.78 1.174”
    • Also stated in: §  Financial Availability. · hedged
      “The mean score of 3.78 indicates that while there is recognition of the importance of long-term financial planning, there are still concerns about the program's preparedness for potential disruptions.The 75.0% agreement rate suggests that most organizations see the value in planning, but the 20.5% who disagree or are uncertain may have experienced past challenges due to insufficient planning.”
    • Also stated in: § V. CONCLUSIONS · plain
      “In addition, longterm financial planning remains an area for improvement.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    9.8% of respondents were aged 51 and above.

    “while respondents aged 51 and above made up 9.8%.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Another 1% of respondents received training sponsorship from other sources such as NCC.

    “Another 1% received training sponsorship from other sources such as NCC.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    15.9% of respondents held certificates.

    “Respondents with certificates accounted for 15.9%”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The composite mean of 3.92 reflects a generally strong perception of financial resource availability on the implementation of child protection and safeguarding programs, with SD 1.186 indicating variability.

    “Composite mean /standard deviation 3.92 1.186”
    • Also stated in: §  Financial Availability. · hedged
      “Lastly, the composite mean of 3.92 reflects a generally strong perception of the financial resource availability on the implementation of child protection and safeguarding programs.However, the overall standard deviation of 1.186 indicates variability in responses, suggesting that while many respondents are optimistic, there are significant concerns that need to be addressed.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    23.5% of respondents had 7-9 years of work experience.

    “Respondents with 7-9 years of experience made up 23.5%”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    There is clarity and transparency in allocating funds and budgeting for child protection and safeguarding, with 78.0% agreement and mean 3.90 (SD 1.210).

    “There is clarity and transparency in allocating funds and budgeting for child protection and safeguarding 12(9.1%)7(5.3%) 10(7.6%)56(42.4%)47(35.6%)3.90 1.210”
    • Also stated in: §  Financial Availability. · hedged
      “With a mean of 3.90, the results indicate that stakeholders generally feel positive about the clarity and transparency of the budgeting process.The 78.0% agreement rate is encouraging, as transparency is crucial for fostering trust among stakeholders.”
    • Also stated in: § V. CONCLUSIONS · hedged
      “However, there is generally positive sentiment regarding the clarity and transparency of the budgeting process.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    Respondents held various designations related to their roles as key personnel in the implementation of child protection and safeguarding programs, including program managers, project officers/coordinators, project directors, social workers, accountants and finance officers, monitoring and evaluation professionals, field officers, government children/probation officers, team leaders, and children/y

    “The respondents held various designations related to their roles as key personnel in the implementation of child protection and safeguarding programs.These included program managers, project officers/coordinators, project directors, social workers, accountants and finance officers, monitoring and evaluation professionals, field officers, government children/probation officers, team leaders, and”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    18.9% of respondents were aged 20-30 years.

    “Those aged 20-30 years comprised 18.9%”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    29.5% of respondents were aged 41-50 years.

    “This was followed by respondents aged 41-50 years, who accounted for 29.5%.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    37.9% of respondents had work experience of 10 years or more, the majority.

    “The results in Table 9 show that the majority of respondents, at 37.9%, had work experience of 10 years or more.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    None of the respondents had PhDs.

    “None of the respondents had PhDs.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    31.8% of respondents held diplomas.

    “This was followed by those with diplomas, who made up 31.8%.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    41.7% of respondents were aged 31-40 years, making this the largest age group.

    “The results in Table 7 show that 41.7% of the respondents were aged 31-40 years, making this the largest age group.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    There is a presence of reliable and consistent sources of funding to sustain child protection and safeguarding program, with 64.4% agreement and mean 3.56 (SD 1.344).

    “There is a presence of reliable and consistent sources of funding to sustain child protection and safeguarding program 15(11.4%)19(14.4%)13(9.8%)47(35.6%)38(28.8%)3.56 1.344”
    • Also stated in: §  Financial Availability. · hedged
      “The mean score of 3.56 indicates a moderate level of confidence among respondents regarding the presence of reliable and consistent funding sources for the child protection and safeguarding program.The 64.4% agreement rate suggests that while many acknowledge some level of funding support, a significant portion (35.6%) expresses concern about the sustainability of these sources.”
    • Also stated in: § V. CONCLUSIONS · plain
      “The analysis of financial resource availability as a determinant in the implementation of child protection and safeguarding programs in Kwale County revealed that a majority of 64% of respondents acknowledge the presence of reliable funding sources.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    7.6% of respondents had 0-3 years of work experience.

    “while those with 0-3 years of experience represented 7.6%.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    43.2% of respondents held degrees, the majority.

    “Table 8 shows that the majority of respondents, at 43.2%, held degrees.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    31.1% of respondents had 4-6 years of work experience.

    “This was followed by those with 4-6 years of experience, accounting for 31.1%.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    9.1% of respondents held master's degrees.

    “while those with master's degrees constituted 9.1%.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    35.6% of respondents had held their positions for 0-3 years.

    “35.6% had held their positions for 0-3 years”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Findingown data

    40.9% of respondents had held their current positions for 4-6 years.

    “Based on the results, a significant portion of the respondents, 40.9%, had held their current positions for 4-6years.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The diversity of financial sources is recognized, though a considerable number of respondents have concerns about the program's financial stability.

    “The diversity of financial sources is recognized though still a considerable number of respondents have concerns about the program's financial stability.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Findingown data

    The constant B=0.571 is the predicted value of Implementation and serves as the baseline.

    “From the table, Constant (B = 0.571) is the predicted value of Implementation and serves as the baseline.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • The quote only partly states this claim.

    Findingown data

    The regression model with predictors (Financial resource availability, human capacity, interagency partnerships, and monitoring and evaluation system) is statistically significant (p=0.000; F=139.272).

    “The model predicts how the Variables (Financial resource availability, human capacity, interagency partnerships, and monitoring and evaluation system) influence the implementation of child protection and safeguarding programs in Kwale County, Kenya according to the significant value of 0.000 is less than 0.05.”
    • Also stated in: § Additional information · plain
      “The study the model was deemed significant as the calculated F value 139.272 exceeded the F critical value.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    UNICEF (2020) establishes that a widespread misbelief that only a small number of children require child protection services compared to global services such as health and education exists, and as a consequence this sector receives inadequate funding.

    “UNICEF (2020) establishes that as a result of the old emphasis regarding response services, a widespread misbelief that only a small number of children require child protection services in comparison to global services such as health and education is in existence.As a consequence, this sector receives inadequate funding.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites UNICEF (2020)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    According to UNICEF (2020), there is no singular budget for child protection; funding is distributed among a number of MDAs' programs, subprograms, and activities.

    “According to UNICEF (2020), there isn't a singular”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites UNICEF (2020)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Inadequate funding may burden the system and impede successful implementation of child protection programs.

    “Child protection organizations need to evaluate how financial decisions affect the overall dynamics of the system, as inadequate funding may burden the system and impede successful implementation.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Korir (2017) found a significant relationship between availability of financial resources and successful implementation of child protection programs in Kilifi County.

    “Korir employed a chi-square test at a 95% significance level, which showed a significant relationship between the availability of financial resources and the successful implementation of child protection programs in Kilifi County.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Korir (2017)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Ong'uti (2014) established a significant influence of financial resources on child protection program implementation in Nairobi County.

    “Although the research established a significant influence of financial resources on CPP implementation, it did not quantify the specific relationship or the magnitude of this influence.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Ong'uti (2014)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Woretaw, Lakew, and Astewale (2021) found a strong positive correlation between project funding and successful implementation in South Gondar public hospitals.

    “The study found a strong positive correlation between project funding and successful implementation, indicating that effective funding significantly enhances project success.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Woretaw, Lakew, and Astewale (2021)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationown data

    The high percentage (86.4%) believing the program is sustainable is a strong indicator of confidence in the program's long-term viability and effectiveness.

    “This is a strong indicator of confidence in the program's long-term viability and effectiveness.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The descriptive research design maximized data collection reliability and provided adequate protection against bias.

    “The approach was ideal for this research since it maximized data collection reliability and provided adequate protection against bias.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    The study was not biased because respondents from both genders were included without discrimination.

    “This indicates that the gender factor was considered in the data collection process and that the study was not biased, as respondents from both genders were included without any discrimination.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Aron and Mokaya (2018) found a significant positive correlation between funding and project implementation in NGOs in Arusha, Tanzania.

    “The findings showed a significant positive correlation between funding and project implementation, but the magnitude of this relationship was not shown.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Aron and Mokaya (2018)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    The high response rate was attained because the researcher followed up with each respondent by phone.

    “The high response rate was attained because the researcher followed up with each respondent by phone, urging them to complete the questionnaires.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Inadequate resources such as funds to increase motor vehicles for police to access each child abuse crime scene due to inadequate financial resource availability were influencing implementation of programs in Kwale County.

    “Vihaka (2020) noted that inadequate resources such as funds to increase motor vehicles for police to access each child abuse crime scene due to inadequate financial resource availability were influencing implementation of programs in Kwale county.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Vihaka (2020)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Content validity was applied through judgmental and intuitive assessments by the university supervisor or research personnel to ensure instrument validity.

    “Content validity was also applied, involving judgmental and intuitive assessments by the university supervisor or research personnel in the organization ensure the instrument's validity and make necessary changes.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient was applied to test reliability, with an internal consistency coefficient of at least 0.7 as the standard.

    “In this research, Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient was applied to test the reliability of the instrument using SPSS, with an internal consistency coefficient of at least 0.7 being the standard.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The Kenya Child Protection Report (2016-2019) categorizes Kwale County as marginalized with the highest number of child abuse cases per capita going unreported.

    “The Kenya Child Protection Report (2016-2019), categorizes Kwale County as marginalized with the highest number of child abuses cases per capita going unreported.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kenya Child Protection Report (2016-2019)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    Most prior studies revealed a relationship between financial resource availability and implementation of programs.

    “Most studies revealed there was a relationship between independent variable Financial Resource Availability the independent variables and dependent variable: Implementation of programs.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    Questionnaires maintained the same wording, order, and structure to guarantee standardization.

    “The questionnaires maintained the same wording, order, and structure to guarantee standardization.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Their diverse roles positioned them as key personnel capable of providing reliable information on the study topic.

    “Their diverse roles positioned them as key personnel capable of providing reliable information on the study topic.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The researcher obtained a research permit from NACOSTI.

    “First, she obtained a research permit from the National Commission for Science, Technology, and Innovation (NACOSTI), which is a mandatory ethical and legal requirement in Kenya.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductcitation

    Yamane's formula was used to pick 130 samples.

    “The simple Yamane's (1967) streamlined formula was used to pick 130 samples.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Yamane's (1967)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    The education distribution indicates that most study participants had a solid academic background, which enabled them to fully understand the research topic and the study.

    “This distribution indicates that most study participants had a solid academic background, which enabled them to fully understand the research topic and the study.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Woretaw et al. (2021) found that project funding had the largest beta value among the factors studied in South Gondar public hospitals.

    “Additionally, multiple regression analysis revealed that project funding had the largest beta value among the factors studied, highlighting its critical role in the implementation process.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Woretaw, Lakew, and Astewale (2021)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Consequently, they could provide valuable insights into the study.

    “Consequently, they could provide valuable insights into the study.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    Implementation theory highlights that implementation determinants-factors such as financial resource availability that can either aid or hinder implementation efforts-should be comprehended and used to guide strategies in child protection.

    “It highlights the importance of comprehending implementation determinants-factors such as financial resource Availability that can either aid or hinder implementation efforts-and using these insights to guide strategies in child protection (Rangarajan, 2023).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Rangarajan, 2023 source

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Therefore, the respondents were well-positioned to provide valuable feedback on the study.

    “Therefore, they were well-positioned to provide valuable feedback on the study.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Canavan et al. (2021) describe child protection as a complex and significant societal challenge due to numerous interacting variables.

    “Canavan et al. (2021) describe child protection as a complex and significant societal challenge due to the numerous interacting variables.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Canavan et al. (2021) source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    This comprehensive training suggested that most respondents were equipped for their roles, indicating an understanding of their job descriptions.

    “This comprehensive trainings suggested that most respondents were equipped for their roles, indicating an understanding of their job descriptions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    All variables had Cronbach Alpha Coefficients above 0.8, demonstrating strong reliability.

    “Table 5 indicates that all the variables had Cronbach Alpha Coefficients above 0.8, demonstrating strong reliability.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductnone given

    The researcher guaranteed respondents' identities would remain confidential and names would not be required on the questionnaire.

    “The researcher guaranteed that all respondents' identities would remain confidential and that names would not be required on the questionnaire.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductreasoning

    Simple random sampling gave each member of the group an equal chance of being selected, minimizing bias.

    “This gave each member of the group an equal chance of being selected, minimizing bias.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

    Premisenone given

    According to complexity theory, financial resources are interrelated with other aspects in the system.

    “According to complexity theory, financial resources are interrelated with other aspects in the system.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The work experience distribution indicates that the majority of respondents had substantial work experience, enabling them to understand the research issues effectively.

    “This distribution indicates that the majority of respondents had substantial work experience, enabling them to understand the research issues effectively.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Empirical studies by Korir (2017) and Vera (2014) on the topic are mainly specific to Nairobi and Kilifi, with no research specific to Kwale.

    “Empirical studies done on the same topic by Korir (2017) and Vera (2014) are mainly specific to Nairobi and Kilifi with no research done that is specific to the Kwale context.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Korir (2017)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

    • cites Vera (2014)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    132 of 141 selected participants completed and returned questionnaires, a 94% response rate.

    “Therefore 132 of the respondents, completed and returned the questionnaires, resulting in a 94% response rate.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationown data

    The age distribution indicates that the majority of study participants were sufficiently mature to engage with and understand the research topic.

    “This distribution indicates that the majority of the study participants were sufficiently mature to engage with and understand the research topic.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Consequently, the respondents were well-positioned to provide valuable insights for the study.

    “Consequently, the respondents were well-positioned to provide valuable insights for the study.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Interpretationreasoning

    Consequently, they were well-positioned to provide reliable information and had a strong understanding of the study topic.

    “Consequently, they were well-positioned to provide reliable information and had a strong understanding of the study topic.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    According to UNICEF (2020), there isn't a singular 'budget' for child protection; rather, funding is distributed among a number of MDAs' programs, subprograms, and activities.

    “This concurs with UNICEF (2020), there isn't a singular”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites UNICEF (2020)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Interpretationown data

    Long-term financial planning remains an area for improvement.

    “In addition, longterm financial planning remains an area for improvement.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The high standard deviation for reliable funding sources reflects a wide range of opinions, indicating that some stakeholders may have experienced funding challenges.

    “The high standard deviation reflects a wide range of opinions, indicating that some stakeholders may have experienced funding challenges.”
    • Also stated in: § V. CONCLUSIONS · hedged
      “However, the high standard deviation reflected a wide range of opinions, indicating that some stakeholders may have experienced funding challenges”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
68 of 68

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The Kenya child protection data on Kwale County revealed an increase of child negligence cases from 49.6% in 2020-2021 to 61.7% in 2022-2023.

    “The Kenya child protection data on Kwale County revealed an increase of child negligence cases from 49.6% in 2020-2021 to 61.7% in 2022-2023.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Kwale County is one of the counties in Kenya with the highest cases of child protection and safeguarding, with cases going unreported.

    “Kwale County is one of the counties in Kenya with the highest cases of child protection and safeguarding with cases going unreported.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Other child protection cases such as defilement, teenage pregnancies, children under custody, and orphaned children are on the increase in Kwale County and some go unreported.

    “Other cases such as defilement, teenage pregnancies, children under custody, and Orphaned children are also on the increase in the county and some go unreported.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    There are programs in Kwale County set up to deal with child protection and safeguarding issues.

    “There are also programs in the county that have been set up to deal with such child protection and safeguarding issues.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    When financial resource availability is not addressed, child protection and safeguarding programs become ineffective and do not meet their goals.

    “When not addressed such programs become ineffective and do not meet their goals.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The Kenyan coast is one of the regions in the country with the highest issues to do with child protection and safeguarding.

    “The Kenyan coast is one of the regions in the country with the highest issues to do with child protection and safeguarding.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The increase in child negligence cases led to establishment of various child protection and safeguarding programs in Kwale County.

    “This has led to the establishment of various child protection and safeguarding programs to curb child protection and safeguarding menace in the county.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The association between financial resource availability and implementation estimated by the regression is causal (financial resource availability influences implementation).

    “The analysis of financial resource availability as a determinant in the implementation of child protection and safeguarding programs in Kwale County revealed that a majority of 64% of respondents acknowledge the presence of reliable funding sources.”
    “The independence variables: Financial resource availability had a strong positive significance with a B value of 0.351 and p value of 0.00 which less than 0.05.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The respondents' self-reported perceptions of financial resource availability accurately reflect the actual financial resource availability of child protection and safeguarding programs in Kwale County.

    “The mean score of 3.56 indicates a moderate level of confidence among respondents regarding the presence of reliable and consistent funding sources for the child protection and safeguarding program.”
    “Lastly, the composite mean of 3.92 reflects a generally strong perception of the financial resource availability on the implementation of child protection and safeguarding programs.”
9 of 9

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

  • Self-sponsored training percentage confuses count with percentage

    Minor

    Table 11 lists 7 self-sponsored respondents out of 132, or approximately 5.3%, rather than the 7% stated in the discussion.

    Reported 7 · recomputed 5.30303

  • Budgeting disagreement or uncertainty omits undecided respondents

    Minor

    For clarity and transparency in budgeting, 9.1% strongly disagreed, 5.3% disagreed, and 7.6% were undecided. Together, those who disagreed or were uncertain account for 22.0%, not 14.4%.

    Reported 14.4 · recomputed 22

  • Financial-planning disagreement or uncertainty omits undecided respondents

    Minor

    The 15.2% who disagreed, 5.3% who strongly disagreed, and 4.5% who were undecided total 25.0%, not 20.5%.

    Reported 20.5 · recomputed 25

3 of 3

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. [2]. Aron, N., Mokaya, S.O. (2018). Factors Affecting Project Implementation in Non-Governmental Organizations in Tanzania; A case of selected NGOS in Arusha City. International Journal of Science and Research.7 (3), 772-774. DOI: 10.21275/ART2018531 · DOI
  2. [5]. Bell, E., & Bryman, A. (2018). Business research methods. Oxford university press
  3. [11]. Kothari, C.R., Garg, G . (2019) Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (fourth revised edition). New Age International Publishers, New Delhi.
  4. [27]. Woretaw, A., Lakew, T., Astewale, G. (2021) .Factors Affecting the Implementation of Health Projects: Evidence from South Gondar Zone Public Hospitals. J Women's Health Care 10:S04. DOI: 10.35248/2167-0420.21.10.S04. · DOI
  5. [28]. Zikmund, G. W., Babin, B. J., Carr, C. J., Griffin, M. (2017). Business Research Methods (9th Ed.). South Western: Cengage Learning.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Wainaina Ndungu, A., Wambua, S. W., & Ochoi, K.
Affiliations
University of Nairobi (KE)
Venue
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT)
Publisher
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
Published
2024-10-16
Pages
2906-2919
ISSN
2456-2165 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.38124/ijisrt/ijisrt24sep842
OpenAlex
W4403471028
Semantic Scholar
06c24a2e74178a429b07c9e73dc02e461fad90fb
Cited by
1
References
68
Citations by year
2024: 1
FWCI
1.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (IJISRT) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Public Administration in Developing Nations
  • Social Sciences › Safety Research › Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare
  • Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
Keywords
child protection, program implementation, child neglect, funding diversification, transparency and accountability, Kwale County, complexity theory, implementation theory

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-29.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-29.

Cited sources are checked by gpt-6-sol.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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