CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 2,094Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestockGenetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and AnimalsGenetics and Plant Breeding

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Ridge Regression and Other Kernels for Genomic Selection with R Package rrBLUP

Open access
Endelman, Jeffrey B.·2011·The Plant Genome
DOI 10.3835/plantgenome2011.08.0024
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Many important traits in plant breeding are polygenic and therefore recalcitrant to traditional marker-assisted selection. Genomic selection addresses this complexity by including all markers in the prediction model. A key method for the genomic prediction of breeding values is ridge regression (RR), which is equivalent to best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) when the genetic covariance between lines is proportional to their similarity in genotype space. This additive model can be broadened to include epistatic effects by using other kernels, such as the Gaussian, which represent inner products in a complex feature space. To facilitate the use of RR and nonadditive kernels in plant breeding, a new software package for R called rrBLUP has been developed. At its core is a fast maximum-likelihood algorithm for mixed models with a single variance component besides the residual error, which allows for efficient prediction with unreplicated training data. Use of the rrBLUP software is demonstrated through several examples, including the identification of optimal crosses based on superior progeny value. In cross-validation tests, the prediction accuracy with nonadditive kernels was significantly higher than RR for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield but equivalent for several maize (Zea mays L.) traits.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3835/plantgenome2011.08.0024

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 Analysis of line crosses. Each circle is the expected mean and standard deviation (SD) for the genomic-estimated breeding values (GEBVs) of the recombinant inbred progeny from one wheat cross. Results are shown for all 179,101 unique crosses between the 599 wheat lines, using the predicted marker effects in environment 1. In the top right of the fi gure are crosses between parents with high GEBV and complementary alleles, for which high levels of transgressive segregation are expected.
Figure 1 Analysis of line crosses. Each circle is the expected mean and standard deviation (SD) for the genomic-estimated breeding values (GEBVs) of the recombinant inbred progeny from one wheat cross. Results are shown for all 179,101 unique crosses between the 599 wheat lines, using the predicted marker effects in environment 1. In the top right of the fi gure are crosses between parents with high GEBV and complementary alleles, for which high levels of transgressive segregation are expected.CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
Image 2
CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
Figure 2 Performance of the Gaussian model (GAUSS). The fi gure depicts the effect of the Gaussian scale parameter ( θ in Eq. [6]) on the restricted log-likelihood (LL), the training population accuracy ( r train ), and the cross-validation accuracy ( r pred ) when predicting sets 5 or 6 in environment 1. For set 5 the restricted maximum likelihood solution for θ ( θ REML ) = 0.5, and for set 6 θ REML = 0.4. In both cases r train approached 1 as θ → 0, but the trends for r pred were different. For set 5 r pred exhibited an interior maximum near θ REML , while for set 6 r pred increased monotonically with θ . Because GAUSS is approximately ridge regression (RR) when θ is large, the contrasting behavior in this fi gure illustrates why GAUSS had higher r pred than RR for set 5 but vice versa for set 6 (see Table 2).
Figure 2 Performance of the Gaussian model (GAUSS). The fi gure depicts the effect of the Gaussian scale parameter ( θ in Eq. [6]) on the restricted log-likelihood (LL), the training population accuracy ( r train ), and the cross-validation accuracy ( r pred ) when predicting sets 5 or 6 in environment 1. For set 5 the restricted maximum likelihood solution for θ ( θ REML ) = 0.5, and for set 6 θ REML = 0.4. In both cases r train approached 1 as θ → 0, but the trends for r pred were different. For set 5 r pred exhibited an interior maximum near θ REML , while for set 6 r pred increased monotonically with θ . Because GAUSS is approximately ridge regression (RR) when θ is large, the contrasting behavior in this fi gure illustrates why GAUSS had higher r pred than RR for set 5 but vice versa for set 6 (see Table 2).CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 29 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. Bernardo, 2010, Quantitative traits in plant breeding
  2. SAS Institute, 1994, SAS 9.2 for Windows
  3. Searle, 2006, Variance components

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 801–900 of 1,001

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Endelman, J. B.
Affiliations
Washington State University (US)
Corresponding author
Endelman, Jeffrey B.
ORCID
Endelman, Jeffrey B.
Venue
The Plant Genome
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2011-11
Volume
4
Issue
3
Pages
250-255
ISSN
1940-3372 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3835/plantgenome2011.08.0024
OpenAlex
W2064013109
Cited by
2,094
References
29
Citations by year
2026: 198 · 2025: 202 · 2024: 204 · 2023: 206 · 2022: 226 · 2021: 234 · 2020: 204 · 2019: 144 · 2018: 110 · 2017: 112 · 2016: 99 · 2015: 82 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 9
FWCI
14.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Plant Genome (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and phenotypic traits in livestock
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Mapping and Diversity in Plants and Animals
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetics and Plant Breeding
Keywords
genomic selection, ridge regression, BLUP, Gaussian kernel, breeding value estimation, plant breeding, wheat grain yield, cross-validation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review