The Target-selection Pipeline for the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument
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In 2021 May, the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) began a 5 yr survey of approximately 50 million total extragalactic and Galactic targets. The primary DESI dark-time targets are emission line galaxies, luminous red galaxies, and quasars. In bright time, DESI will focus on two surveys known as the Bright Galaxy Survey and the Milky Way Survey. DESI also observes a selection of “secondary” targets for bespoke science goals. This paper gives an overview of the publicly available pipeline ( desitarget ) used to process targets for DESI observations. Highlights include details of the different DESI survey targeting phases, the targeting ID ( TARGETID ) used to define unique targets, the bitmasks used to indicate a particular type of target, the data model and structure of DESI targeting files, and examples of how to access and use the desitarget code base. This paper will also describe “supporting” DESI target classes, such as standard stars, sky locations, and random catalogs that mimic the angular selection function of DESI targets. The DESI target-selection pipeline is complex and sizable; this paper attempts to summarize the most salient information required to understand and work with DESI targeting data.
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The quality of exposures in large campaigns remains essential to downstream tasks such as astrometric and photometric measurements and target selection.
“Despite the increase in scope and complexity of future imaging surveys, the quality of exposures in large campaigns will remain essential to downstream tasks, such as astrometric (e.g., Lang et al. 2009), and photometric (e.g., Stubbs & Tonry 2006) measurements, and target selection to facilitate follow-up studies (e.g., Myers et al. 2023).”
From A Semi-Supervised Learning Method for the Identification of Bad Exposures in Large Imaging Surveys (2026) · cites this paper as Myers et al. 2023
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Self-citationVariability selected high-redshift quasars on SDSS Stripe 82
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Self-citationTarget Selection and Validation of DESI Luminous Red GalaxiesPreprint
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Self-citationPerformance of Kitt Peak’s Mayall 4-meter telescope during DESI commissioning
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Self-citationThe Most Distant H i Galaxies Discovered by the 500 m Dish FAST
Xi, H., Peng, B., Staveley‐Smith, L., For, B., Liu, B., Chen, R., Yu, L., Ding, D., Guo, W.-J., Zou, H., et al. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad4357 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, Y., Yang, X., Gu, Y., 徐, X. 笑. X., Xu, H., Wang, Y., Katsianis, A., Han, J., He, M., Zheng, Y.-L., et al. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad5294 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationSoumagnac, M. T., Nugent, P., Knop, R. A., Ho, A. Y. Q., Hohensee, W., Awbrey, A., Andersen, A., Aldering, G., Ventura, M., Aguilar, J., et al. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ad76ae · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationThe DESI One-Percent Survey: A Concise Model for the Galactic Conformity of Emission-line Galaxies
Gao, H., Jing, Y., Xu, K., Zhao, D., Gui, S., Zheng, Y., Luo, X., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S. P., Brooks, D., et al. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad09d6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationThe CluMPR galaxy cluster-finding algorithm and DESI legacy survey galaxy cluster catalogue
Yantovski-Barth, M. J., Newman, J. A., Dey, B., Andrews, B. H., Eracleous, M., Golden-Marx, J. B., & Zhou, R. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae956 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationJiang, L.-H., Pan, Z., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S., Blum, R., Brooks, D., Claybaugh, T., de la Macorra, A., Dey, A., Doel, P., et al. (2024) · Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad47b4 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationLamman, C., Eisenstein, D. J., Forero-Romero, J. E., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S. P., Bailey, S., Bianchi, D., Brooks, D., Claybaugh, T., de la Macorra, A., et al. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae2290 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationDESI complete calibration of the colour–redshift relation (DC3R2): results from early DESI data
McCullough, J., Gruen, D., Amon, A., Roodman, A. J., Masters, D. C., Raichoor, A., Schlegel, D. J., Canning, R., Castander, F. J., DeRose, J., et al. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1316 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationDetermining Stellar Elemental Abundances from DESI Spectra with the Data-driven Payne
Zhang, M., Xiang, M., Ting, Y.-S., Wang, J., Li, H., Zou, H., Nie, J., Mou, L., Wu, T., Wu, Y., et al. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.3847/1538-4365/ad51dd · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationForward modeling fluctuations in the DESI LRGs target sample using image simulations
Kong, H., Ross, A. J., Honscheid, K., Lang, D., Porredon, A., de Mattia, A., Rezaie, M., Zhou, R., Schlafly, E. F., Moustakas, J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/146 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationSpectroscopic search for optical emission lines from dark matter decay
Wang, H., Eisenstein, D. J., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S. P., Bailey, S., Brooks, D., Claybaugh, T., de la Macorra, A., Doel, P., Forero-Romero, J. E., et al. (2024) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.110.103007 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationModel-independent measurement of the matter-radiation equality scale in DESI 2024
Bahr-Kalus, B., Parkinson, D., Lodha, K., Mueller, E., Chaussidon, E., de Mattia, A., Forero-Sánchez, D., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S. P., Bianchi, D., et al. (2025) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/yqm1-ybbv · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationZou, S., Jiang, L., Cai, Z., Moustakas, J., Sun, Z., Pan, Z., Ding, J., Forero-Romero, J. E., Zou, H., Ting, Y.-S., et al. (2023) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad09b2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationIdentifying Missing Quasars from the DESI Bright Galaxy Survey
Juneau, S., Canning, R., Alexander, D. M., Pucha, R., Fawcett, V. A., Myers, A. D., Moustakas, J., Ruiz-Macias, O., Cole, S., Pan, Z., et al. (2025) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/adabc9 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationIron-corrected Single-epoch Black Hole Masses of DESI Quasars at Low Redshift
Pan, Z., Jiang, L., Guo, W.-J., Sun, S., Siudek, M., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S. P., Brooks, D., Claybaugh, T., de la Macorra, A., et al. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/add7dd · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationEnhancing DESI DR1 full-shape analyses using HOD-informed priors
Zhang, H., Bonici, M., Rocher, A., Percival, W. J., de Mattia, A., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S. P., Alves, O., Avilés, A., Lizancos, A. B., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2025/11/049 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationValidation of the DESI 2024 Lyman alpha forest BAL masking strategy
Martini, P., Cuceu, A., Ennesser, L., Brodzeller, A., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S. P., Brooks, D., Claybaugh, T., de Belsunce, R., de la Macorra, A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2025/01/137 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationPAC in DESI. I. Galaxy stellar mass function into the 106 M⊙ frontier
Xu, K., Jing, Y., Cole, S., Frenk, C. S., Bose, S., Elbers, W., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Moore, S., Aguilar, J., et al. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf782 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationArnaudova, M. I., Smith, D. J. B., Hardcastle, M. J., Best, P. N., Das, S., Shenoy, S., Duncan, K. J., Holden, L. R., Kondapally, R., Morabito, L. K., et al. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1347 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
CMB lensing and Ly α forest cross bispectrum from DESI’s first-year quasar sample
Karaçaylı, N. G., Martini, P., Weinberg, D. H., Ferraro, S., de Belsunce, R., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S. P., Armengaud, E., Brooks, D., Claybaugh, T., et al. (2024) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/physrevd.110.063505 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationDESI Massive Poststarburst Galaxies at z ∼ 1.2 Have Compact Structures and Dense Cores
Zhang, Y., Setton, D. J., Price, S. H., Bezanson, R., Khullar, G., Newman, J. A., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S. P., Andrews, B. H., Brooks, D., et al. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad7c45 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationPROVABGS: The Probabilistic Stellar Mass Function of the BGS One-percent Survey
Hahn, C., Aguilar, J., Alam, S., Ahlen, S. P., Brooks, D., Cole, S., de la Macorra, A., Doel, P., Font-Ribera, A., Forero-Romero, J. E., et al. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad19c8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationProbing the Impact of Radio-mode Feedback on the Properties of the Cool Circumgalactic Medium
Chang, Y. L., Lan, T.-W., Prochaska, J. X., Napolitano, L., Anand, A., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S. P., Brooks, D., Claybaugh, T., de la Macorra, A., et al. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad6c44 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationPredicting the Ages of Galaxies with an Artificial Neural Network
Hunt, L., Pimbblet, K. A., & Benoit, D. M. (2024) · Astrophysics and space science proceedings · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-02232-5_13 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Brown, Z., Demina, R., Adame, A. G., Avila, S., Chaussidon, E., Yuan, S., González-Pérez, V., García-Bellido, J., Levi, B., Aguilar, J., et al. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf1411 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, W., Yang, X., Jing, Y., Ross, A. J., Siudek, M., Moustakas, J., Moore, S., Cole, S., Frenk, C. S., Yu, J., et al. (2025) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/add5df · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationRatajczak, J., Dawson, K., Weaverdyck, N., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S. P., Armengaud, E., Bailey, S., Bianchi, D., Blanco, D., Brodzeller, A., et al. (2026) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ae1fde · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationHou, J., Cahn, R. N., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S. P., Bianchi, D., Brooks, D., Claybaugh, T., Doel, P., Ferraro, S., Forero-Romero, J. E., et al. (2025) · Physical review. D/Physical review. D. · doi:10.1103/1wyy-758f · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationDESI mock challenge: constructing DESI galaxy catalogues based on FastPM simulations
Variu, A., Alam, S., Zhao, C., Chuang, C.-H., Yu, Y., Forero-Sánchez, D., Ding, Z., Kneib, J., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S. P., et al. (2023) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3742 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationAuriDESI: mock catalogues for the DESI Milky Way Survey
Kizhuprakkat, N., Cooper, A. P., Riley, A. H., Koposov, S. E., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S. P., Prieto, C. A., Brooks, D., Claybaugh, T., Dawson, K., et al. (2024) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stae1415 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationCross-correlation between soft X-rays and galaxies
Comparat, J., Merloni, A., Ponti, G., Shreeram, S., Zhang, Y., Reiprich, T. H., Liu, A., Seppi, R., Zhang, X., Clerc, N., et al. (2025) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202554208 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Nearby stellar substructures in the Galactic halo from DESI Milky Way Survey Year 1 Data Release
Kim, B., Koposov, S. E., Li, T. S., Lilleengen, S., Cooper, A. P., Carrillo, A., Valluri, M., Riley, A. H., Han, J., Aguilar, J., et al. (2025) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staf705 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationCosmological neutrino mass: a frequentist overview in light of DESI
Chebat, D., Yèche, C., Armengaud, E., Schöneberg, N., Walther, M. R., de Mattia, A., Rohlf, J. W., Aguilar, J., Ahlen, S. P., Bianchi, D., et al. (2026) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2026/01/041 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationEP260321a/SN 2026gzf: The Faintest Shock Breakout Associated with a Broad-lined Supernova
O’Connor, B., Hall, X. J., Busmann, M., Gruen, D., Floris, A., Cabrera, T., Zhu, Z., Palmese, A., Green, D., Banovetz, J., et al. (2026) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ae84ba · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationShi, R., Wang, W., Li, Z., Ling, Z., Smith, A. G., Cole, S., Gao, H., Chen, X., Li, Q., & Han, J. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad64cf · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Petter, G. C., Hickox, R. C., Morabito, L. K., & Alexander, D. M. (2024) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad6849 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Myers, A. D., Moustakas, J., Bailey, S., Weaver, B. A., Cooper, A. P., Forero-Romero, J. E., Abolfathi, B., Alexander, D. M., Brooks, D., Chaussidon, E., Chuang, C.-H., Dawson, K., Dey, A., Dey, B., Dhungana, G., Doel, P., Fanning, K., Gaztañaga, E., A Gontcho, S. G., Gonzalez-Morales, A. X., Hahn, C., Herrera-Alcantar, H. K., Honscheid, K., Ishak, M., Karim, T., Kirkby, D., Kisner, T., Koposov, S. E., Kremin, A., Lan, T.-W., Landriau, M., Lang, D., Levi, M. E., Magneville, C., Napolitano, L., Martini, P., Meisner, A., Newman, J. A., Palanque-Delabrouille, N., Percival, W., Poppett, C., Prada, F., Raichoor, A., Ross, A. J., Schlafly, E. F., Schlegel, D., Schubnell, M., Tan, T., Tarle, G., Wilson, M. J., Yèche, C., Zhou, R., Zhou, Z., & Zou, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Wyoming (US)
- Siena College (US)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- NSF NOIRLab (US)
- National Tsing Hua University (TW)
- Universidad de Los Andes (CO)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Durham University (GB)
- University College London (GB)
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (FR)
- University of Utah (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Southern Methodist University (US)
- The Ohio State University (US)
- Institute of Space Sciences (ES)
- Universidad de Guanajuato (MX)
- The University of Texas at Dallas (US)
- Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US)
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- National Taiwan University (TW)
- Perimeter Institute (CA)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Waterloo (CA)
- Space Sciences Laboratory (US)
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (ES)
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Myers, Adam D.
- ORCID
- Moustakas, John
- Bailey, Stephen
- Cooper, Andrew P.
- Forero-Romero, Jaime E.
- Abolfathi, Bela
- Alexander, David M.
- Brooks, David
- Chaussidon, Edmond
- Chuang, Chia-Hsun
- Dawson, Kyle
- Dey, Arjun
- Dey, Biprateep
- Dhungana, Govinda
- Doel, Peter
- Fanning, Kevin
- Gaztañaga, Enrique
- Gonzalez-Morales, Alma X.
- Hahn, ChangHoon
- Herrera-Alcantar, Hiram K.
- Honscheid, Klaus
- Ishak, Mustapha
- Karim, Tanveer
- Kirkby, David
- Kisner, Theodore
- Koposov, Sergey E.
- Kremin, Anthony
- Lan, Ting-Wen
- Landriau, Martin
- Lang, Dustin
- Levi, Michael E.
- Napolitano, Lucas
- Martini, Paul
- Meisner, Aaron
- Newman, Jeffrey A.
- Palanque-Delabrouille, Nathalie
- Percival, Will
- Poppett, Claire
- Prada, Francisco
- Raichoor, Anand
- Ross, Ashley J.
- Schlafly, Edward F.
- Schlegel, David
- Schubnell, Michael
- Tan, Ting
- Tarle, Gregory
- Yèche, Christophe
- Zhou, Rongpu
- Zhou, Zhimin
- Zou, Hu
- Venue
- The Astronomical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2023-01-11
- Volume
- 165
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 50
- ISSN
- 0004-6256 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-3881
- OpenAlex
- W4292421616
- Cited by
- 158
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 18.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The Astronomical Journal (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
- Apollo
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (cc-by)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE-SC0019022, DE-SC0020086, DE-AC02-05CH11231)
- Taiwan Ministry of Science and Technology (109-2112-M-007-011-MY3)
- National Science Foundation (AST-0950945)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Keywords
- DESI, target selection, emission-line galaxies, luminous red galaxies, quasars, standard stars, Dark Energy Survey
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