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Cited by 351

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Multiple sclerosis: Pathology, diagnosis and treatments

Open access
Huang, Wen-Juan, Chen, Wei-Wei, Zhang, Xia·2017·Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
DOI 10.3892/etm.2017.4410
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Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurodegenerative disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS). The onset of MS has been typically observed in individuals aged from 20 to 40-years, with the female to male ratio of 1:2. MS appears as abrupt onset of focal sensory disturbances that is accompanied by unilateral painless damage of vision, double vision, limb weakness, unsteadiness of gait, and bowel or bladder symptoms. Whereas the exact etiology of the disease is unknown, observational research has suggested genetic and environment influences through an underlined pathophysiology widely believed to be autoimmune in nature. Indeed, plaque of demyelination inside of the CNS with relative conservation of axons remains the clinical symptoms of MS. However, considerable advances in understanding the pathology have contributed to an early diagnosis, particularly the exact neuroanatomical setting of plaques. Accordingly, magnetic resonance imaging has been considered as the primarily adjunctive modality for the constant detection of abnormal white matter. In addition, the analysis of cerebrospinal fluid contents has also been of interest for the diagnosis to discriminate other affections such infection or vasculitis. These resulted in a broad variety of therapies that considerably control the activity and change the course and prognosis of the disease. In the present review, we evaluate the current state of knowledge on MS with emphasis on the pathology itself, the diagnosis and common therapeutical approaches accurately used.

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Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Holland, 2014, Factors affecting quality of life in persons with multiple sclerosis
  2. Lucchinetti, 2000, Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: Implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination, Ann Neurol, 47, 707, 10.1002/1531-8249(200006)47:6<707::AID-ANA3>3.0.CO;2-Q · DOI
  3. Mosayebi, 2011, Therapeutic effect of vitamin D3 in multiple sclerosis patients, Immunol Invest, 40, 627, 10.3109/08820139.2011.573041 · doi:10.3109/08820139.2011.573041
  4. BielekovaBCatalfamoMReichert-ScrivnerSPackerACernaMWaldmannTAMcFarlandHHenkartPAMartinRRegulatory CD56(bright) natural killer cells mediate immunomodulatory effects of IL-2Ralpha-targeted therapy (daclizumab) in multiple sclerosisProc Natl Acad Sci USA10359415946200610.1073/pnas.060133510316585503 · doi:10.1073/pnas.060133510316585503

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Metadata

Authors
Huang, W.-J., Chen, W.-W., & Zhang, X.
Venue
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Publisher
Spandidos Publications
Published
2017-04-28
Volume
13
Issue
6
Pages
3163-3166
ISSN
  • 1792-0981 (ISSN-L)
  • 1792-1015
DOI
10.3892/etm.2017.4410
OpenAlex
W2609370764
Cited by
351
References
46
FWCI
12.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Multiple sclerosis: Pathology, diagnosis and treatments. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.3892/etm.2017.4410
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Huang, W.-J., Chen, W.-W., & Zhang, X. (2017). Multiple sclerosis: Pathology, diagnosis and treatments. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4410

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