Creatine supplementation increases soleus muscle creatine content and lowers the insulinogenic index in an animal model of inherited type 2 diabetes
Open accessAbstract
Creatine supplementation may exert beneficial effects on muscle performance and facilitate peripheral glucose disposal in both rats and human subjects. The present study was undertaken to explore the effects of creatine supplementation on the ATP, creatine, phosphocreatine and glycogen content of white and red gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and on blood D-glucose and plasma insulin concentrations before and during an intravenous glucose tolerance test in Goto-Kakizaki rats, a current animal model of inherited type 2 diabetes mellitus. Creatine supplementation increased muscle creatine content, especially in the soleus muscle of young rats (+35.5-/+15.8%; d.f.=10; p<0.05), and lowered the insulinogenic index, i.e. the paired ratio between plasma insulin and blood D-glucose concentrations. The latter change was mainly attributable to a lowering of plasma insulin concentration. It is proposed, therefore, that creatine supplementation may improve the sensitivity to insulin in extrapancreatic sites in the present animal model of type 2 diabetes.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Creatine supplementation has been reported to enhance glycemic control.
“enhance glycemic control [132, 203–205];”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: safety and efficacy of creatine supplementation in exercise, sport, and medicine (2017) · cites this paper as [204]
The Introduction says creatine intake may improve whole-body glucose homeostasis, and the Discussion suggests that a lower insulinogenic index in creatine-supplemented diabetic rats may reflect improved insulin sensitivity. However, the Blood D-glucose and plasma insulin concentrations section reports no significant difference in blood glucose between supplemented and control rats during the glucose tolerance test. The paper therefore supports a possible metabolic benefit, but not demonstrated improvement in glycemic control in its own experiment. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Creatine and Creatinine Metabolism
Wyss, M., & Kaddurah-Daouk, R. (2000) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1107 · Cited by 2,950 · see citing works
Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementation
Harris, R. C., Söderlund, K., & Hultman, E. (1992) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs0830367 · Cited by 1,141 · see citing works
Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training
Vandenberghe, K., Goris, M., Van Hecke, P., Van Leemputte, M., Vangerven, L., & Hespel, P. (1997) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1997.83.6.2055 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Self-citationCreatine supplementation and dynamic high-intensity intermittent exercise
Balsom, P. D., Ekblom, B., Söerlund, K., Sjödln, B., & Hultman, E. (1993) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.1993.tb00378.x · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Effect of Oral Creatine Supplementation on Human Muscle GLUT4 Protein Content After Immobilization
Eijnde, B. O. '., Ursø, B., Richter, E. A., Greenhaff, P. L., & Hespel, P. (2001) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.50.1.18 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationDerave, W., Eijnde, B. O., Verbessem, P., Ramaekers, M., Van Leemputte, M., Richter, E. A., & Hespel, P. (2003) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00977.2002 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationMuscle glycogen supercompensation is enhanced by prior creatine supplementation
NELSON, A. G., ARNALL, D. A., KOKKONEN, J., DAY, R., & EVANS, J. (2001) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200107000-00005 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Effect of creatine ingestion on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in men
N. NEWMAN, J. E., HARGREAVES, M., GARNHAM, A., & SNOW, R. J. (2003) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200301000-00012 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Marco J, Calle C, Hedo JA and Villanueva ML: Glucagon- releasing activity of guanidine compounds in mouse pancreatic islets. FEBS Letters 64: 52-54, 1976.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Kreider, R. B., Kalman, D. S., Antonio, J., Ziegenfuss, T. N., Wildman, R., Collins, R., Candow, D. G., Kleiner, S. M., Almada, A. L., & Lopez, H. L. (2017) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0173-z · Cited by 854 · see citing works
Creatine in health and disease
Kreider, R. B., & Stout, J. R. (2021) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu13020447 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Exploring the therapeutic role of creatine supplementation
Gualano, B., Artioli, G. G., Poortmans, J. R., & Lancha Junior, A. H. (2010) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-009-0263-6 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Creatine in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
GUALANO, B., DE SALLES PAINNELI, V., ROSCHEL, H., ARTIOLI, G. G., NEVES, M., DE SÁ PINTO, A. L., DA SILVA, M. E. R., CUNHA, M. R., OTADUY, M. C. G., DA COSTA LEITE, C., et al. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181fcee7d · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Gualano, B., de Salles Painelli, V., Roschel, H., Lugaresi, R., Dorea, E., Artioli, G. G., Lima, F. R., da Silva, M. E. R., Cunha, M. R., Seguro, A. C., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1676-3 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Creatine supplementation and glycemic control: A systematic review
Pinto, C. L., Botelho, P. B., Pimentel, G. D., Campos-Ferraz, P. L., & Mota, J. F. (2016) · Amino Acids · doi:10.1007/s00726-016-2277-1 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
- Authors
- Op't Eijnde, B., Jijakli, H., Hespel, P., & Malaisse, W.
- Affiliations
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Malaisse, Willy
- Venue
- International Journal of Molecular Medicine
- Publisher
- Spandidos Publications
- Published
- 2006-06-01
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1077-84
- ISSN
- 1107-3756 (ISSN-L)
- 1791-244X
- OpenAlex
- W2064355103
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 1.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- International Journal of Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
- Acta Physiologica
- Funders
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Vlaamse regering
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Natural Antidiabetic Agents Studies
- Keywords
- creatine supplementation, type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, insulinogenic index, soleus muscle, gastrocnemius, phosphocreatine, muscle glycogen, ATP levels, Goto-Kakizaki rats, glucose tolerance, plasma insulin
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Triphosphate, Animals, Blood Glucose, Body Weight, Creatine, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Disease Models, Animal, Eating, Glucose Tolerance Test, Glycogen, Insulin, Male, Rats, Inbred Strains, Muscle, Skeletal, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
