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Cited by 88Muscle metabolism and nutritionMuscle Physiology and DisordersMetabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer

Combined creatine and protein supplementation in conjunction with resistance training promotes muscle GLUT-4 content and glucose tolerance in humans

Derave, Wim, Eijnde, Bert O., Verbessem, Patricia, Ramaekers, Monique, Van Leemputte, Mark, Richter, Erik A., Hespel, Peter·2003·Journal of Applied Physiology
DOI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00977.2002
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Abstract

The present study was undertaken to explore the effects of creatine and creatine plus protein supplementation on GLUT-4 and glycogen content of human skeletal muscle. This was investigated in muscles undergoing a decrease (immobilization) and subsequent increase (resistance training) in activity level, compared with muscles with unaltered activity pattern. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed by 33 young healthy subjects. The subjects′ right legs were immobilized with a cast for 2 wk, followed by a 6-wk resistance training program for the right knee extensor muscles. The participants were supplemented throughout the study with either placebo (Pl group) or creatine (Cr group) or with creatine during immobilization and creatine plus protein during retraining (Cr+P group). Needle biopsies were bilaterally taken from the vastus lateralis. GLUT-4 protein expression was reduced by the immobilization in all groups ( P < 0.05). During retraining, GLUT-4 content increased ( P < 0.05) in both Cr (+24%) and Cr+P (+33%), which resulted in higher posttraining GLUT-4 expression compared with Pl ( P < 0.05). Compared with Pl, muscle glycogen content was higher ( P < 0.05) in the trained leg in both Cr and Cr+P. Supplements had no effect on GLUT-4 expression or glycogen content in contralateral control legs. Area under the glucose curve during the oral glucose tolerance test was decreased from 232 ± 23 mmol · l −1 · min −1 at baseline to 170 ± 23 mmol · l −1 · min −1 at the end of the retraining period in Cr+P ( P < 0.05), but it did not change in Cr or Pl. We conclude that creatine intake stimulates GLUT-4 and glycogen content in human muscle only when combined with changes in habitual activity level. Furthermore, combined protein and creatine supplementation improved oral glucose tolerance, which is supposedly unrelated to the changes in muscle GLUT-4 expression.

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  • Creatine supplementation can further augment muscle glycogen storage.

    “it seems evident that creatine supplementation can further augment muscle glycogen storage.”

    From Postexercise muscle glycogen resynthesis in humans. (2017) · cites this paper as [32]

  • In healthy young subjects, creatine supplementation (15 g/d during immobilization, 2.5 g/d during training) increased muscle glycogen and GLUT-4 protein contents.

    “Creatine supplementation increased muscle glycogen and GLUT-4 protein contents.”

    From Postexercise muscle glycogen resynthesis in humans. (2017) · cites this paper as Derave et al., 2003 (32)

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Authors
Derave, W., Eijnde, B. O., Verbessem, P., Ramaekers, M., Van Leemputte, M., Richter, E. A., & Hespel, P.
Affiliations
  • KU Leuven (BE)
  • Exercise Physiology and Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; and
  • University of Copenhagen (DK)
ORCID
Venue
Journal of Applied Physiology
Publisher
American Physiological Society
Published
2003-05-01
Volume
94
Issue
5
Pages
1910-1916
ISSN
  • 0161-7567 (ISSN-L)
  • 8750-7587
  • 1522-1601
DOI
10.1152/japplphysiol.00977.2002
OpenAlex
W2044794281
Cited by
88
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
FWCI
2.43
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Applied Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Keywords
creatine supplementation, protein supplementation, GLUT4, skeletal muscle glucose transport, muscle glycogen, resistance training, immobilization, glucose tolerance, oral glucose tolerance test, vastus lateralis
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Blood Glucose, Body Weight, Cell Count, Creatine, Dietary Proteins, Double-Blind Method, Female, Glucose, Glucose Tolerance Test, Glycogen, Humans, Immobilization, Functional Laterality, Male, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, Muscle Contraction, Muscle Proteins, Physical Fitness, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch, Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch, Glucose Transporter Type 4

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