Cited by 194Immune Response and InflammationNF-κB Signaling PathwaysInflammation biomarkers and pathways

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Mitochondrial DNA induces inflammation and increases TLR9/NF-κB expression in lung tissue

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ZHANG, JIAN-ZHENG, LIU, ZHI, LIU, JIA, REN, JI-XIN, SUN, TIAN-SHENG·2014·International Journal of Molecular Medicine

DOI 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1650PMC PMC3976143

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Abstract

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contains unmethylated CpG motifs that exhibit immune stimulatory capacities. The aim of this study was to investigate whether mtDNA activates the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, thereby contributing to post-traumatic systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and lung injury in rats. The effects of mtDNA on macrophage culture were examined in order to elucidate the putative cellular mechanisms. Rats and macrophage cultures were treated with phosphate-buffered saline, nuclear DNA, or mtDNA for 2, 4, 8 and 24 h. Histological analysis of lung tissue was undertaken following hematoxylin and eosin staining, and cytokine levels were assessed by ELISA. NF-κB and IκB-α phosphorylation levels, as well as TLR9 protein expression were determined by western blot analysis; NF-κB, IκB-α and TLR9 mRNA levels were analyzed by RT-PCR. A greater degree of inflammation and lung injury was observed in response to mtDNA. In addition, mtDNA increased serum tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels in vivo and increased their secretion by cultured macrophages (p<0.05). In lung tissue, mtDNA increased NF-κB, IκB-α and TLR9 mRNA levels (p<0.05); it also increased phosphorylated NF-κB p65 and TLR9 protein levels in the macrophage cultures. Thus, mtDNA may be part of the danger-associated molecular patterns, contributing to the initiation of sterile SIRS through the activation of the TLR9/NF-κB pathway and the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

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Authors: ZHANG, J.-Z., LIU, Z., LIU, J., REN, J.-X., & SUN, T.-S.
Affiliations: The Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA (CN)
ORCID: LIU, ZHI
LIU, JIA
Venue: International Journal of Molecular Medicine
Publisher: Spandidos Publications
Published: 2014-02-10
Volume: 33
Issue: 4
Pages: 817-824
ISSN: 1107-3756 (ISSN-L)
1791-244X
DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1650
PMC: PMC3976143
OpenAlex: W2165572246
Cited by: 194
References: 50
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 5
FWCI: 7.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Status: Retracted
Update notices: retraction (2023-02-17)
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc
Locations: International Journal of Molecular Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › NF-κB Signaling Pathways
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Inflammation biomarkers and pathways
Keywords: mitochondrial DNA, TLR9, NF-κB signaling, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, lung injury, macrophages, damage-associated molecular patterns, sterile inflammation, inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α, interleukin-6, IL-10, IκBα phosphorylation, CpG motifs
MeSH terms: NF-KappaB Inhibitor alpha, Animals, Cells, Cultured, DNA, Mitochondrial, Gene Expression Regulation, Inflammation, Lung, Macrophages, Male, Phosphorylation, RNA, Messenger, Cytokines, NF-kappa B, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, I-kappa B Proteins, Toll-Like Receptor 9, Rats, Acute Lung Injury

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Mitochondrial DNA induces inflammation and increases TLR9/NF-κB expression in lung tissue

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