The Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS): factor structure, wording effect and psychometric qualities of known problematic items
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Cet article concerne la mesure de l’épuisement professionnel chez les professions à caractère relationnel par le biais de l’échelle la plus fréquemment utilisée : le Maslach Burnout Inventory – Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). Il traite tout d’abord de sa structure factorielle (test du modèle en trois facteurs corrélés) et de la pertinence de l’inclusion ou non-inclusion de d’accomplissement personnel (réduit) dans la définition théorique de ce syndrome ainsi que dans sa mesure. En lien avec ces deux questions, sont également examinées la possibilité d’un « effet de formulation » dans les réponses obtenues (i.e., biais de mesure induit par l’usage d’items connotés négativement pour deux dimensions et par l’usage d’items connotés positivement pour la troisième), ainsi que la suppression éventuelle d’items posant régulièrement question dans la littérature. Un grand échantillon (N = 2357) de professionnels de santé français (médecins, infirmiers, aides-soignants notamment) a répondu à la version française du MBI-HSS. Un sous-échantillon (n = 1824) a également répondu au General Health Questionnaire en 12 items (GHQ-12), échelle permettant le dépistage préliminaire de troubles mineurs de l’état de santé psychologique. Une analyse factorielle exploratoire a été d’abord utilisée (méthode d’extraction des axes principaux et rotation de type oblimin direct), suivie du test de quatre modèles théoriques en analyse factorielle confirmatoire sur des versions complète (22 items) et abrégées (19, 18 ou 17 items) de l’échelle. Une procédure de validation croisée a été utilisée pour évaluer l’invariance de ces modèles sur deux sous-échantillons aléatoirement constitués. Le GHQ-12 a été utilisé afin de tester la validité nomologique des trois sous-échelles de l’outil. Les résultats confirment la structure tri-factorielle, mais remettent en question l’inclusion de l’accomplissement personnel dans la conceptualisation et la mesure de l’épuisement professionnel. Cependant, cette conclusion est mitigée par la présence avérée d’un « effet de formulation » (l’ajout d’un facteur latent associé à tous les items négatifs améliore l’ajustement aux données). Celui-ci nuit dès lors à la mise en évidence des « vraies » relations entre construits (biais dans le test du modèle tri-factoriel théorique). De ce fait, le développement d’une nouvelle version du MBI-HSS utilisant des échelles bipolaires est recommandé, option méthodologique pouvant permettre de lever cette ambiguïté. Enfin, ces analyses indiquent que la suppression de deux à cinq items est requise pour optimiser l’outil, une version en 17 items apparaît en tous les cas plus adaptée dans un contexte français (suppression des items 6, 12, 13, 16 et 22).
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The MBI-HSS-MP has not been previously investigated for its psychometric properties.
“the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS-MP), a widely used instrument assessing burnout especially for health professionals has yet been examined for its psychometric properties in nurses and physicians [5].”
From Psychometric properties of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS-MP) (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
The MBI-HSS has a high degree of stability from one month to one year.
“prior findings indicate that the MBI-HSS has a high degree of stability from one month to one year [5]”
From Psychometric properties of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS-MP) (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
The MBI-HSS has good internal consistency for each dimension, except for a slightly low Cronbach's α in the depersonalization dimension.
“the internal consistency of each MBI-HSS dimension is generally satisfactory, except for a slightly low Cronbach's α which was found in the depersonalization dimension [5].”
From Psychometric properties of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS-MP) (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
The MBI-HSS has a consistent three-factor structure among health professionals.
“the MBI Human Services Survey has been tested among health professionals and has demonstrated a consistent three-factor structure [2, 5].”
From Psychometric properties of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS-MP) (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
The conceptualization of three types of burnout was again supported.
“Therefore, the conceptualization of three types of burnout [5] was again supported.”
From Psychometric properties of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS-MP) (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
The three types of burnout (emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, depersonalization) are accurately quantified by the MBI-HSS-MP items.
“Therefore, the three types of burnout (i.e., emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalization [5]) are accurately quantified by the MBI-HSS-MP items.”
From Psychometric properties of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Medical Personnel (MBI-HSS-MP) (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
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- Authors
- Lheureux, F., Truchot, D., Borteyrou, X., & Rascle, N.
- Venue
- Le travail humain
- Publisher
- CAIRN.INFO
- Published
- 2017-06-22
- Volume
- Vol. 80
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 161-186
- ISSN
- 0041-1868 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2727101271
- Cited by
- 64
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 5.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- fr
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Le travail humain (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Cairn.info (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, burnout, factor structure, personal accomplishment, wording effects, measurement invariance, scale validation, French adaptation, healthcare workers, nurses, physicians, caregivers, GHQ-12, nomological validity, psychometric properties, short-form scale, cross-cultural adaptation, occupational stress, mental health screening
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