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Cited by 1Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical InnovationsSubstance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes

To Prescribe or Not? Pharmacological Options in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Aoshima-Kilroy, Aya, Banu, Sophia, Udoetuk, Sade, Shah, Asim A., Moukaddam, Nidal·2017·Psychiatric Annals
DOI 10.3928/00485713-20170510-01
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Abstract

As children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) age out of childhood and adolescence and into adulthood, their symptoms often persist. Faced with increasing demands from modern life, these patients often request treatment to help optimize functioning in work and home settings. The aim of treating adult ADHD is to help patients control distraction/inattention and to minimize psychomotor agitation. Once the diagnosis of ADHD is ascertained in adults, general treatment principles, including use of stimulants, should be followed but they must be weighed against an increased risk of diversion of stimulant medications in adults. Stimulants include amphetamines (with the closely related methylphenidate formulations often thought of as stimulants as well despite a different mechanism of action) and constitute the gold standard in treatment of ADHD. Nonstimulants such as atomoxetine, however, can play an extremely important role in treatment as well. [ Psychiatr Ann. 2017;47(6):303–308.]

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Crossref · 10.3928/00485713-20170510-01

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  • By inhibiting DA and NE reuptake and facilitating presynaptic release, stimulants normalize the deficient cortical arousal and signal-to-noise ratios characteristic of ADHD.

    “By inhibiting DA and NE reuptake and facilitating presynaptic release, stimulants normalize the deficient cortical arousal and signal-to-noise ratios characteristic of ADHD [145].”

    From ADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [145]

  • Stimulants act primarily through enhancement of catecholaminergic neurotransmission in prefrontal and striatal regions critical for attention and executive control.

    “both acting primarily through enhancement of catecholaminergic neurotransmission in prefrontal and striatal regions critical for attention and executive control”

    From ADHD in Adulthood: Clinical Presentation, Comorbidities, and Treatment Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [145]

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Authors
Aoshima-Kilroy, A., Banu, S., Udoetuk, S., Shah, A. A., & Moukaddam, N.
ORCID
Venue
Psychiatric Annals
Publisher
SLACK, Inc.
Published
2017-06
Volume
47
Issue
6
Pages
303-308
ISSN
  • 0048-5713 (ISSN-L)
  • 1938-2456
DOI
10.3928/00485713-20170510-01
OpenAlex
W2623975861
Cited by
1
References
24
Citations by year
2025: 1
FWCI
0.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Psychiatric Annals (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Keywords
adult ADHD, pharmacotherapy, stimulants, amphetamine, methylphenidate, atomoxetine, non-stimulant medication, inattention, psychomotor agitation, drug prescribing

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