THE BIOLOGY OF ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT RECONSTRUCTIONS
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ligaments, including the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), have a limited biological response to injury. The same healing process affects graft tissues used to reconstruct the ACL. These biological processes interact with mechanical forces to transform the grafts into tissues, which are expected to functionally replace the ACL. Although these grafts may undergo "ligamentization," they may not undergo "ACL-ization." Further study of the important relationship between these biological and biomechanical interactions is warranted.
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During the healing process of implanted tendon grafts following ACL reconstruction, graft necrosis occurs early, leading to the invasion of extrinsic fibroblasts.
“During the healing process of implanted tendon grafts following ACL reconstruction, graft necrosis occurs early in the process, leading to the invasion of extrinsic fibroblasts.”
An endpoint of graft maturation has yet to be detected.
“Over the years, fibroblast proliferation forms reparative scar tissue; however, an endpoint of graft maturation has yet to be detected [4, 53, 54].”
Cites
Medial collateral ligament healing: A multidisciplinary assessment in rabbits
Frank, C., Woo, S. L.-Y., Amiel, D., Harwood, F., Gomez, M., & Akeson, W. (1983) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/036354658301100602 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
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Analysis of a Semitendinosus Autograft in a Rabbit Model
Blickenstaff, K. R., Grana, W. A., & Egle, D. (1997) · The American Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/036354659702500420 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Park, J., Soh, H., Jang, Y.-K., Lee, Y. S., Lee, M.-K., Kim, H., Kim, T.-H., Alkhelaifi, K., Kim, T.-J., & Lee, J. K. (2025) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-025-04760-1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- McFarland, E. G.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- McFarland, Edward G
- ORCID
- McFarland, Edward G
- Venue
- Orthopedics
- Publisher
- SLACK, Inc.
- Published
- 1993-04
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 403-410
- ISSN
- 0147-7447 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-2367
- OpenAlex
- W2230574940
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Orthopedics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Knee injuries and reconstruction techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Tendon Structure and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Keywords
- anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, ligament healing, ligamentization, biomechanical forces, graft integration
- MeSH terms
- Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries, Animals, Biomechanical Phenomena, Biopsy, Connective Tissue, Fibroblasts, Humans, Tendons, Time Factors, Wound Healing, Anterior Cruciate Ligament
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