The relationship between macro-socioeconomics determinants and COVID-19 vaccine distribution
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Since coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to spread globally, many countries have started vaccinations at the end of December 2020. This research examines the relationship between COVID-19 vaccine distribution and two macro-socioeconomics measures, including human development index and gross domestic product, among 25 countries for two points in time, including February and August 2021. The COVID-19 dataset is a collection of the COVID-19 data maintained by Our World in Data. It is a daily updated dataset and includes confirmed cases, vaccinations, deaths, and testing data. Ordinary Least Squares was applied to examine how macro-socioeconomic measures predict the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine over time. Results: The results indicate that a higher gross domestic product per capita is positively associated with higher COVID-19 vaccine distribution, and this relationship becomes more robust over time. However, some countries may have more successful vaccine distribution results regardless of their gross domestic product. In addition, the result shows human development index does not have a significant relationship with vaccine distribution. Conclusion: Economic measures may be counted as a more vital indicator for vaccine distribution as they have a more direct relationship distribution with health infrastructure than social measures such as human development index.
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Social inequalities in vaccination coverage were evident between countries and within countries.
“Social inequalities in vaccination coverage were evident between countries(e.g., countries with lower income had lower vaccination coverage(14)) and within countries (e.g., individuals living in neighbourhoods with greater socioeconomic disadvantage had lower likelihood of vaccination(13,15)), driven by systemic forces that shaped unequal vaccine access(16-18).”
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- Authors
- Roghani, A., & Division of Epidemiology, U. O. U. S. O. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- Corresponding author
- Roghani, Ali
- ORCID
- Roghani, Ali
- Venue
- AIMS Public Health
- Published
- 2021
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 655-664
- ISSN
- 2327-8994 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8568597
- OpenAlex
- W3202899610
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 4.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- AIMS Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- medRxiv (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- COVID-19 vaccine distribution, GDP per capita, Human Development Index, health infrastructure, cross-national comparison, vaccine rollout
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