The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of short-term carbohydrate overfeeding and long-term weight loss on liver fat in overweight humans
Open accessAbstract
Background Cross-sectional studies have identified a high intake of simple sugars as an important dietary factor predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Objective We examined whether overfeeding overweight subjects with simple sugars increases liver fat and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and whether this is reversible by weight loss.Design Sixteen subjects [BMI (kg/m²): 30.6 ± 1.2] were placed on a hypercaloric diet (>1000 kcal simple carbohydrates/d) for 3 wk and, thereafter, on a hypocaloric diet for 6 mo. The subjects were genotyped for rs739409 in the PNPLA3 gene. Before and after overfeeding and after hypocaloric diet, metabolic variables and liver fat (measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were measured. The ratio of palmitate (16:0) to linoleate (18:2n-6) in serum and VLDL triglycerides was used as an index of DNL.Results Carbohydrate overfeeding increased weight (±SEM) by 2% (1.8 ± 0.3 kg; P < 0.0001) and liver fat by 27% from 9.2 ± 1.9% to 11.7 ± 1.9% (P = 0.005). DNL increased in proportion to the increase in liver fat and serum triglycerides in subjects with PNPLA3-148IIbut not PNPLA3-148MM. During the hypocaloric diet, the subjects lost 4% of their weight (3.2 ± 0.6 kg; P < 0.0001) and 25% of their liver fat content (from 11.7 ± 1.9% to 8.8 ± 1.8%; P < 0.05).Conclusions Carbohydrate overfeeding for 3 wk induced a >10-fold greater relative change in liver fat (27%) than in body weight (2%). The increase in liver fat was proportional to that in DNL. Weight loss restores liver fat to normal. These data indicate that the human fatty liver avidly accumulates fat during carbohydrate overfeeding and support a role for DNL in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. This trial was registered at www.hus.fi as 235780.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“One of the more promising gene-diet interactions, notable in Hispanic populations, involves PNPLA3 and sugar consumption in relation to obesity and liver fat accumulation;84-86”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [85]
Citations
Cites
Matthews, D. R., Hosker, J. P., Rudenski, A. S., Naylor, B. A., Treacher, D. F., & Turner, R. C. (1985) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/bf00280883 · Cited by 31,502
Havel, R. J., Eder, H. A., & Bragdon, J. H. (1955) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci103182 · Cited by 8,737
Donnelly, K. L., Smith, C. I., Schwarzenberg, S. J., Jessurun, J., Boldt, M. D., & Parks, E. J. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci23621 · Cited by 3,604
Mensink, R. P., Zock, P. L., Kester, A. D., & Katan, M. B. (2003) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/77.5.1146 · Cited by 2,811
Szczepaniak, L. S., Nurenberg, P., Leonard, D. S., Browning, J. D., Reingold, J. S., Grundy, S. M., Hobbs, H. H., & Dobbins, R. L. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00064.2004 · Cited by 1,573
Metabolic Effects of Fructose and the Worldwide Increase in Obesity
Tappy, L., & Lê, K.-A. (2010) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00019.2009 · Cited by 1,256
Sookoian, S. C., & Pirola, C. J. (2011) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.24283 · Cited by 917
Fructose consumption as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Ouyang, X., Cirillo, P., Sautin, Y. Y., McCall, S. J., Bruchette, J. L., Diehl, A. M., Johnson, R. J., & Abdelmalek, M. F. (2008) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2008.02.011 · Cited by 862
Prediction of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fat Using Metabolic and Genetic Factors
Kotronen, A., Peltonen, M., Hakkarainen, A., Sevastianova, K., Bergholm, R., Johansson, L., Lundbom, N. M. I., Rissanen, A., Ridderstråle, M., Groop, L., et al. (2009) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.06.005 · Cited by 840
Self-citationAbdelmalek, M. F., Suzuki, A., Guy, C. D., Ünalp–Arida, A., Colvin, R., Johnson, R. J., & Diehl, A. M. (2010) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23535 · Cited by 792
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 211
Mechanistic insights revealed by lipid profiling in monogenic insulin resistance syndromes
Eiden, M. J., Koulman, A., Hatunic, M., West, J. A., Murfitt, S. A., Osei, M., Adams, C., Wang, X., Chu, Y., Marney, L. C., et al. (2015) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-015-0179-6 · Cited by 26
“Discussion The relative enrichment in shorter chain saturated TAG species observed in samples from the LD group is remarkably similar to that recently shown to be associated with IR in a large epidemiological study [1] and smaller selected cohort studies [2, 20].”
ResultPNPLA3 genetic variation in alcoholic steatosis and liver disease progression.
Stickel, F., Hampe, J., Trépo, E., Datz, C., & Romeo, S. (2015) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.3978/j.issn.2304-3881.2014.11.04 · Cited by 26
“This data point out a possible involvement of PNPLA3 in the de novo lipogenesisis and are consistent with findings from a study in humans, in which carbohydrate overfeeding induced in an increase in de novo lipogenesis proportional to increase in liver fat content and circulating triacylglycerols 148I wild type carrie…”
ResultSelf-citationNiu, Z., Wu, Q., Sun, L., Qi, Q., Zheng, H., Li, H., Zeng, R., Lin, X., & Zong, G. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab165 · Cited by 24
Roncero‐Ramos, I., Gutierrez-Mariscal, F. M., Gómez-Delgado, F., Villasanta‐Gonzalez, A., Torres-Peña, J. D., de la Cruz, S., Rangel-Zúñiga, O. A., Luque, R. M., Ordovás, J. M., Delgado‐Lista, J., et al. (2021) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2021.07.001 · Cited by 24
Calorie restriction and reversal of type 2 diabetes
Taylor, R. (2016) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1080/17446651.2016.1239525 · Cited by 24
“result was a sharp increase in liver triglyceride content [11].”
BackgroundStudy on the effect of different types of sugar on lipid deposition in goose fatty liver
Wei, R., Deng, D., Teng, Y., Lu, C., Luo, Z.-Y., Abdulai, M., Liu, H., Xu, H., Li, L., Hu, S., et al. (2022) · Poultry Science · doi:10.1016/j.psj.2022.101729 · Cited by 23
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Gawrieh, S. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-30103-7_14 · Cited by 25
Role of X-Box Binding Protein-1 in Fructose-Induced De Novo Lipogenesis in HepG2 Cells
Yu, X., Ren, L., Wang, C., Zhu, Y., Xing, H., Zhao, J., & Song, G. (2018) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/0366-6999.241799 · Cited by 23
“After washing HepG2 cells twice with PBS, total mRNA was extracted using a standard TRIzol RNA isolation method[7] after stimulation as described above.”
MethodLundbom, J. (2017) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00399.2017 · Cited by 21
“Interestingly, although liver fat has now been conclusively established as a deleterious metabolic marker, regarding both glucose (48, 50, 57) and lipid metabolism (32, 66), and liver fat is associated impaired physical activity (51), the acute effect of exercise has now been shown to result in an increase in liver fa…”
BackgroundSelf-citationMirmiran, P., Gaeini, Z., Bahadoran, Z., & Azizi, F. (2019) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-019-0437-5 · Cited by 20
Pharmacogenomic and Personalized Approaches to Tackle Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Lorbek, G., Urlep, Ž., & Rozman, D. (2016) · Pharmacogenomics · doi:10.2217/pgs-2016-0047 · Cited by 19
Garcêz, L. S., de Avelar, C. R., Fonseca, N. S. D. S., Costa, P. R. D. F., Lyra, A. C., Cunha, C. D. M., de Jesús, R. P., & de Oliveira, L. P. M. (2020) · Nutrition Reviews · doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuaa146 · Cited by 20
Dietary treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Perito, E. R., Rodríguez, L. A., & Lustig, R. H. (2012) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mog.0b013e32835ca11d · Cited by 20
“Neither diet changed aspartate aminotransferase nor ALT[40] In a carbohydrate overfeeding paradigm that induced NAFLD, weight loss did reverse the hepatic steatosis.[41] Two posthoc analyses of prospective trials found that low-carbohydrate diets were associated with larger reductions in ALT than low-fat diets.”
BackgroundAlsharari, Z. D., Leander, K., Sjögren, P., Carlsson, A. C., Cederholm, T., Fairé, U. D., Hellénius, M.-L., Marklund, M., & Risérus, U. (2019) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-019-02058-6 · Cited by 19
Current treatment options for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Shetty, A., & Syn, W. (2019) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mog.0000000000000528 · Cited by 19
Hepatic Steatosis, Carbohydrate Intake, and Food Quotient in Patients with NAFLD
Gonzalez, C., de Lédinghen, V., Vergniol, J., Foucher, J., Bail, B. L., Carlier, S., Maury, E., Gin, H., & Rigalleau, V. (2013) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2013/428542 · Cited by 19
“have shown that only three weeks of carbohydrates overfeeding could increase liver fat by +27% contrasted with a +2% body weight gain [17].”
BackgroundHao, X., Song, H., Su, X. Y., Li, J., Ye, Y., Wang, C., Xu, X. D., Pang, G., Liu, W., Li, Z., et al. (2025) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2025.2464223 · Cited by 18
Effect of Over- and Underfeeding on Body Composition and Related Metabolic Functions in Humans
Müller, M. J., & Bosy‐Westphal, A. (2019) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-019-1221-7 · Cited by 16
Basset‐Sagarminaga, J., Roumans, K. H. M., Havekes, B., Mensink, R. P., Peters, H. P. F., Zock, P. L., de Mutsert, R., Borén, J., Lindeboom, L., Schrauwen, P., et al. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15030735 · Cited by 18
Nutritional and Lifestyle Therapy for NAFLD in People with HIV
Cinque, F., Cespiati, A., Lombardi, R., Guaraldi, G., & Sebastiani, G. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15081990 · Cited by 19
“Overfeeding with refined carbohydrates leads to an intrahepatic triglycerides accumulation, supporting the role of excessive carbohydrates consumption in hepatic de novo lipogenesis [24].”
BackgroundResultImpact of PNPLA3 in Lean Individuals and in Cryptogenic Steatotic Liver Disease
Seko, Y., Lin, H., Wong, V. W., & Okanoue, T. (2024) · Liver International · doi:10.1111/liv.16164 · Cited by 16
“They also found that overfeeding with simple carbohydrates increased liver fat and stimulated de novo lipogenesis in overweight subjects, especially in PNPLA3 148 CC carriers; however, these effects were reversible with weight loss [19].”
Orsu, P., & Bhuvaneswari, M. (2020) · Tzu Chi Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_86_20 · Cited by 17
Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Miller, M. H., Bradford, V., & Dillon, J. F. (2013) · Hepatic Medicine Evidence and Research · doi:10.2147/hmer.s34472 · Cited by 19
“Sevastianova et al 29 also used imaging to measure the outcome of dieting.”
Nestel, P. J., & Mensink, R. P. (2013) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0b013e32835c0834 · Cited by 16
“Experimentally in overweight people, a hypercaloric diet, more than 1000 extra kilocalories daily provided from simple carbohydrates, led to a remarkable 27% increase in liver fat within 3 weeks [15], probably reflecting de-novo lipogenesis.”
Lin, Y., Li, B., Shi, X., Chen, Y., Pan, S., Lin, Z., Gu, Z., Hailer, F., Hu, L., & Zhan, X. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-64110-w · Cited by 15
Dried fruit consumption and cardiometabolic health: a randomised crossover trial
Sullivan, V. K., Petersen, K. S., & Kris‐Etherton, P. M. (2020) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114520002007 · Cited by 15
“Short-term overfeeding with simple carbohydrates increases de novo lipogenesis(44), and fructose-containing sugars may be particularly lipogenic as hepatic fructose uptake is not enzymatically regulated(45).”
BackgroundSyed‐Abdul, M. M., Moore, M. P., Wheeler, A. A., Ganga, R., Diaz‐Arias, A. A., Petroski, G. F., Rector, R. S., Ibdah, J. A., & Parks, E. J. (2023) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.09.018 · Cited by 15
Signs of Glucagon Resistance After a 2-Week Hypercaloric Diet Intervention
Suppli, M. P., Høgedal, A., Bagger, J. I., Chabanova, E., van Hall, G., Forman, J. L., Christensen, M., Albrechtsen, N. J. W., Holst, J. J., & Knop, F. K. (2023) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad666 · Cited by 14
Behaviour regulation and the role of mental health in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Asquith, E., Bould, K., Catling, J. C., Day, E., & Holt, A. (2023) · BMC Gastroenterology · doi:10.1186/s12876-023-02941-x · Cited by 15
“Individuals who consume more calories, often because of an inability to control food intake, have been found to have higher increases in levels of liver fat [7, 34] and NAFLD prevalence has been found to be higher within groups of obese individuals compared to those with a healthy weight [35, 36].”
BackgroundSome paradoxes and unresolved aspects of hepatic de novo lipogenesis
Jones, J. G. (2024) · npj Metabolic Health and Disease · doi:10.1038/s44324-024-00020-7 · Cited by 14
“The extent to which the direct versus indirect actions of DNL contribute to hepatic triglyceride overload may depend on several factors including dietary sugar intake 10 – notably fructose 11,12 and the feeding/fasting state 13 .”
Maj, M. A., Harbottle, B., Thomas, P. A., Hernandez, G. V., Smith, V. A. O., Edwards, M. S., Fanter, R. K., Glanz, H., Immoos, C. E., Burrin, D. G., et al. (2020) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/nxaa441 · Cited by 14
“Consistent with these studies, several TAG species increased in plasma of HFCS- compared with SUC-fed pigs, possibly due to an overproduction of VLDLs in response to the elevated fructose intake (14, 48, 49).”
Lowering triglycerides to modify cardiovascular risk: will icosapent deliver?
Nicholls, S. J., & Scherer, D. J. (2015) · Vascular Health and Risk Management · doi:10.2147/vhrm.s40134 · Cited by 12
Kaliora, A. C., Kalafati, I. P., Gioxari, A., Diolintzi, A., Kokkinos, A. D., & Dedoussis, G. V. (2017) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1499-7 · Cited by 13
“Changes in diet and management of body weight may be beneficial in patients with NAFLD, lowering triglycerides (TG), reducing liver fat and inhibiting de novo lipogenesis or improving insulin sensitivity [4, 5].”
BackgroundLiver fat storage pathways: methodologies and dietary effects
Roumans, K. H. M., Basset‐Sagarminaga, J., Peters, H. P. F., Schrauwen, P., & Schrauwen‐Hinderling, V. B. (2020) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0000000000000720 · Cited by 15
“Furthermore, overfeeding with simple carbohydrates for 3–4 weeks has been shown to increase DNL, as measured by deuterated water and lipogenic index, parallel to an increase in liver fat [37,38,53].”
BackgroundDe novo lipid synthesis in cardiovascular tissue and disease
Khan, T. J., Semenkovich, C. F., & Zayed, M. A. (2024) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.119066 · Cited by 12
Rivera‐Íñiguez, I., Panduro, A., Román, S., & González-Aldaco, K. (2022) · Annals of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100874 · Cited by 12
Multi-Omics Nutritional Approaches Targeting Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease
Ramos-López, O. (2022) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes13112142 · Cited by 13
Is non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease a reflection of what we eat or simply how much we eat?
Sharp, K., Schultz, M., & Coppell, K. J. (2018) · JGH Open · doi:10.1002/jgh3.12040 · Cited by 13
“…significantly increased to 23.9 2.2 kg/m2 (P < 0.001) Liver fat content increased from 1.1 1.9 to 2.8 4.8% over the diet period in cases (P = 0.003) Sevastianova et al. (2012)35 16 Non-diabetic men (n = 5) and women (n = 11) Median age: 54 years (25th–75th percentile: 40–59 years) Mean SE BMI:…”
InfluentialNoll, C., Montastier, É., Amrani, M., Kunach, M., Frisch, F., Fortin, M., Bouffard, L., Dubreuil, S., Phoenix, S., Cunnane, S. C., et al. (2019) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00474.2019 · Cited by 12
Kobayashi, Y., Tatsumi, H., Hattori, M., Sugiyama, H., Wada, S., Kuwahata, M., Tanaka, S., Kanemasa, K., Sumida, Y., Naito, Y., et al. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition · doi:10.3164/jcbn.16-7 · Cited by 11
Dietary Patterns, Foods, Nutrients and Phytochemicals in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Dreher, M. L. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-59180-3_10 · Cited by 11
Liver fat: a relevant target for dietary intervention? Summary of a Unilever workshop
Peters, H. P. F., Schrauwen, P., Verhoef, P., Byrne, C. D., Mela, D. J., Pfeiffer, A. F. H., Risérus, U., Rosendaal, F. R., & Schrauwen‐Hinderling, V. B. (2017) · Journal of Nutritional Science · doi:10.1017/jns.2017.13 · Cited by 11
“Obesity and Abbreviations: DNL, de novo lipogenesis; GI, glycaemic index; MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; PET, positron emission tomography; PNPLA3, patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 gene; T2DM, type 2 diabetes me…”
InfluentialReis-Costa, A., Belew, G. D., Viegas, I., Tavares, L. C., Meneses, M. J., Patrício, B. G., Gastaldelli, A., Macedo, M. P., & Jones, J. G. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16142186 · Cited by 13
“In contrast, a diet that has high sugar relative to lipid levels results in increased DNL activity that not only directly contributes with fatty acid moieties to the hepatic lipid load but also suppresses the β -oxidation of long-chain fatty acids via its malonyl-CoA intermediate [19,20].”
BackgroundChaturvedi, S., Tripathi, D., Vikram, N. K., Madhusudan, K. S., Pandey, R. M., & Bhatia, N. (2022) · Human Nutrition & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.hnm.2023.200188 · Cited by 10
Lowry, J. E., Tumurbaatar, B., D’Agostino, C., Main, E., Wright, T. J., Dillon, E. L., Saito, T. B., Porter, C. C., Andersen, C. R., Brining, D. L., et al. (2019) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114519002472 · Cited by 10
Siler, S. Q. (2022) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-022-03295-x · Cited by 11
Beacher, D. R., Ariza, A. J., Fishbein, M. H., & Binns, H. J. (2014) · SAGE Open Medicine · doi:10.1177/2050312114555211 · Cited by 10
Nutritional Genomics in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Vasconcellos, C., Ferreira, O., Lopes, M. F., Ribeiro, A. F., Vasques, J., & Guerreiro, C. S. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11020319 · Cited by 10
“aimed to investigate the effects of a 3-week intervention of overfeeding with simple carbohydrates on liver fat and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in overweight subjects [52].”
InfluentialSilva-Luis, C. C., Lopes, M. S., Gomes, S. M., Matias, P. K. C., Brandini, F. P., da Costa, P. C. T., de Moraes, R. C. S., Martins, V. J. B., & Alves, J. L. D. B. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16223944 · Cited by 11
Abu‐Freha, N., Cohen, B., Gordon, M. M., Weissmann, S., Fich, A., Munteanu, D., Yardeni, D., & Etzion, O. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11041110 · Cited by 9
The PNPLA3 I148M variant and chronic liver disease: When a genetic mutation meets nutrients
Maglio, C., Pirazzi, C., Pujia, A., Valenti, L. V. C., & Romeo, S. (2014) · Food Research International · doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.055 · Cited by 11
Self-citationDuro, D., Mitchell, P. D., Mehta, N. M., Bechard, L. J., Yu, Y., Jaksic, T., & Duggan, C. (2013) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000000288 · Cited by 9
Karjoo, S., Braglia‐Tarpey, A., Chan, A. P., Germán, A. G. A., Herdes, R. E., Pai, N., Velez, D. S., Whitehead, B. A., Quirós‐Tejeira, R. E., & Duro, D. (2025) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpn3.70099 · Cited by 9
Alfadda, N. A., Aljuraiban, G. S., Awwad, H. M., Khaleel, M. S., Almaghamsi, A. M., Sherbeeni, S. M., Alqutub, A. N., Aldosary, A. S., & Alfadda, A. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.996004 · Cited by 9
Tincopa, M. A., Speliotes, E. K., Valenti, L. V. C., & Loomba, R. S. (2026) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-050324-124753 · Cited by 7
(2012) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/978160805361211201010039 · Cited by 7
Demant, M., Suppli, M. P., Foghsgaard, S., Gether, L., Grøndahl, M. F. G., Dalsgaard, N. B., Bergmann, S., Lanng, A. R., Gasbjerg, L. S., THOMASEN, M. L., et al. (2021) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-21-0122 · Cited by 7
What should we advise MAFLD patients to eat and drink?
Machado, M. V. (2021) · Metabolism and Target Organ Damage · doi:10.20517/mtod.2021.11 · Cited by 7
Zhyzhneuskaya, S. V., & Taylor, R. (2017) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-47685-8_21-1 · Cited by 8
The 2012 University of Cape Town Faculty of Health Sciences centenary debate
Noakes, T. D. (2015) · South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1080/16070658.2015.11734522 · Cited by 6
Pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Yki‐Järvinen, H. (2015) · doi:10.1002/9781118387658.ch19 · Cited by 6
Self-citationAnggreini, P., Kuncoro, H., Sumiwi, S. A., & Levita, J. (2024) · Journal of Experimental Pharmacology · doi:10.2147/jep.s473763 · Cited by 5
“…participants were eventually advised to take 24 weeks of a hypocaloric diet, and in consequence, resulted in a loss of 25% liver fat and 4% of BW. 41 High fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-containing drinks were confirmed for their contribution to the development of NAFLD in humans due to their major…”
BackgroundGray, M. E., Bae, S., Ramachandran, R., Baldwin, N. K., VanWagner, L. B., Jacobs, D. R., Terry, J. G., & Shikany, J. M. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14040854 · Cited by 5
“While refined carbohydrates, sweets, and sugary beverages worsen NAFLD [34,35], there are no data to suggest that whole grains or fruits are harmful.”
BackgroundSaslow, L. R., Krinock, J., O’Brien, A., Raymond, K., Bayandorian, H., Moskowitz, J. T., Daubenmier, J. J., Oliveri, A., Marriott, D. J., Griauzde, D. H., et al. (2025) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/60051 · Cited by 4
Sun, X., Cao, Z., Tanisawa, K., Oshima, S., & Higuchi, M. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10070942 · Cited by 4
“To enhance athleti performance, American and rugby football athletes usually have the intent to consume more ene gy to ain more weight [32], which was suggested to lead to lipid accumulation in adiposity and ctopic tissues [6,7].”
BackgroundLee, Y.-C., Lee, H. S., Jeon, S., Lee, Y.-J., Kwon, Y., & Lee, J. (2025) · Diabetes & Metabolism Journal · doi:10.4093/dmj.2025.0026 · Cited by 3
“Specifically, fructose has been associated with a higher incidence of MASLD, whereas fiber and whole-grain starch may have protective effects [28,29].”
London, A., Schaufuss, A., Považan, M., Dichman, M.-L., Merhout, J., Dirksen, C., Madsbad, S., Siebner, H. R., Lundsgaard, A., Fritzen, A. M., et al. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf382 · Cited by 5
Specialized nutrition support in burns, wasting, deconditioning, and hypermetabolic conditions
Song, J., Wolf, S. E., Wade, C. E., & Ziegler, T. R. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818460-8.00034-4 · Cited by 3
Ghosh, S., Khatoon, R., Sarkar, S., & Bandyopadhyay, D. (2023) · Melatonin Research · doi:10.32794/mr112500138 · Cited by 2
Nutritional Intake and the Risk for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)
Bergheim, I., & Schattenberg, J. M. (2019) · MDPI eBooks · doi:10.3390/books978-3-03897-599-1 · Cited by 4
Short-term Dietary Interventions for the Management of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver
Stokes, C. S., Lammert, F., & Krawczyk, M. J. (2017) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0929867324666170508144409 · Cited by 3
Gallegos, E. M., Couvillion, K. E., Darden, D., Rodríguez‐Graciani, K. M., Molina, P. E., & Simon, L. (2025) · Function · doi:10.1093/function/zqaf049 · Cited by 2
Unlocking the Potential of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Remission
Sharma, P., & Chakole, S. V. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.48704 · Cited by 3
“It has been shown that excess sucrose for a period of three weeks causes a 30% hike in the fat content of the liver [18].”
BackgroundNutrient-Induced Changes of Liver Fat Content in Humans
Kovář, J., & Poledne, R. (2025) · Physiological Research · doi:10.33549/physiolres.935525 · Cited by 2
“A beneficial effect on liver fat was also observed in a number of other studies that used more moderate caloric restriction but lasted for a several months to 2 years [37,45-47].”
Gunaseelan, L., Khan, U. S., Khalid, F., & Hamid, M. A. (2021) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.18641 · Cited by 2
“, 2012 [12] Crossover Trial 16 obese volunteers age <18 not mentioned High Carbohydrate”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGeometry of Nutrition: Nutrients and NAFLD Progression
Berná, G., Álvarez‐Amor, L., & Martı́n, F. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-37173-9_4 · Cited by 2
Sijens, P. E. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470034590.emrstm1470 · Cited by 2
Why do sweets fatten our livers?
Hudgins, L. C. (2012) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.047753 · Cited by 2
Biochemical changes in the body of obese persons undergoing weight reduction program
El-Sanosi, Y., Atta, M. F., El-M.Tabl, A.-S., & El-Bassyouni, G. M. (2015) · Benha Veterinary Medical Journal · doi:10.21608/bvmj.2015.31793 · Cited by 1
Anyiam, O., & IDRIS, I. R. (2025) · Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1080/17446651.2025.2527791 · Cited by 1
“One study reported that just 3 weeks of carbohydrate overfeeding resulted in a 27% increase in liver fat, with a concurrent 28% rise in plasma alanine aminotransferase [102].”
Zhyzhneuskaya, S. V., & Taylor, R. (2019) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46933-1_21 · Cited by 1
Intermittent fasting for the management of NAFLD: Is there enough evidence?
Cernea, S., & Ruţă, F. D. (2023) · Acta Marisiensis. Seria Medica · doi:10.2478/amma-2023-0001 · Cited by 1
A Review on the Role of Low Glycemic Index Foods for Glycemic Control in Chronic Liver Disease
Bhoite, R., Joshi, N. A., Pratti, V. L., & Satyavrat, V. (2023) · Food and Nutrition Sciences · doi:10.4236/fns.2023.143017 · Cited by 2
Potential link between sugar consumption and ectopic fat
Haslam, D. E., Ma, J., & McKeown, N. M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-849886-6.00017-3 · Cited by 1
Haftoglou, S. (2015) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 1
The reversibility of type 2 diabetes
Steven, S. (2016) · Cited by 1
Hodson, K. K. (2019) · Cited by 1
Juurinen, L. (2014) · Työväentutkimus Vuosikirja
Heron, R. C. (2014) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
Taylor, R. (2013)
Current and Emerging Therapies for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Gawrieh, S., & Chalasani, N. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-20538-0_16
The influence of age and nutrients on insulin sensitivity
Chee, C. (2016) · Nottingham ePrints (University of Nottingham)
Avaliação da vitamina D na doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica
de Paula, F. V. L. (2017) · doi:10.11606/d.17.2017.tde-30032017-094325
Lifestyle and cardio-metabolic health
Cassidy, S. (2016)
New Approach to Type 2 Diabetes Reversal in Obesity
Steven, S. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-48559-3.00024-5
Metabolic effects of dipeptyl peptidase 4 inhibitor in type 2 diabetes
Macauley, M. (2016)
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in relation to cardiovascular disease
Simons, N. (2020) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20210226ns
Metadata
- Authors
- Sevastianova, K., Santos, A., Kotronen, A., Hakkarainen, A., Makkonen, J., Silander, K., Peltonen, M., Romeo, S., Lundbom, J., Lundbom, N., Olkkonen, V. M., Gylling, H., Fielding, B. A., Rissanen, A., & Yki-Järvinen, H.
- Affiliations
- Minerva Foundation (FI)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Sevastianova, Ksenia
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-10
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 727-734
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2144702146
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 14.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fat, monosaccharides, de novo lipogenesis, weight loss, hypocaloric diet, hypercaloric diet, PNPLA3, VLDL triglycerides, overweight, serum triglycerides
- MeSH terms
- Acyltransferases, Adult, Diet, Reducing, Dietary Carbohydrates, Fatty Liver, Female, Humans, Lipase, Lipoproteins, VLDL, Liver, Male, Membrane Proteins, Triglycerides, Hypertriglyceridemia, Weight Gain, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Dietary Sucrose, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Lipogenesis, Overweight, Lipid Metabolism, Phospholipases A2, Calcium-Independent, Genetic Association Studies, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
