The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of short-term carbohydrate overfeeding and long-term weight loss on liver fat in overweight humans
Open accessAbstract
Background Cross-sectional studies have identified a high intake of simple sugars as an important dietary factor predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).Objective We examined whether overfeeding overweight subjects with simple sugars increases liver fat and de novo lipogenesis (DNL) and whether this is reversible by weight loss.Design Sixteen subjects [BMI (kg/m²): 30.6 ± 1.2] were placed on a hypercaloric diet (>1000 kcal simple carbohydrates/d) for 3 wk and, thereafter, on a hypocaloric diet for 6 mo. The subjects were genotyped for rs739409 in the PNPLA3 gene. Before and after overfeeding and after hypocaloric diet, metabolic variables and liver fat (measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were measured. The ratio of palmitate (16:0) to linoleate (18:2n-6) in serum and VLDL triglycerides was used as an index of DNL.Results Carbohydrate overfeeding increased weight (±SEM) by 2% (1.8 ± 0.3 kg; P < 0.0001) and liver fat by 27% from 9.2 ± 1.9% to 11.7 ± 1.9% (P = 0.005). DNL increased in proportion to the increase in liver fat and serum triglycerides in subjects with PNPLA3-148IIbut not PNPLA3-148MM. During the hypocaloric diet, the subjects lost 4% of their weight (3.2 ± 0.6 kg; P < 0.0001) and 25% of their liver fat content (from 11.7 ± 1.9% to 8.8 ± 1.8%; P < 0.05).Conclusions Carbohydrate overfeeding for 3 wk induced a >10-fold greater relative change in liver fat (27%) than in body weight (2%). The increase in liver fat was proportional to that in DNL. Weight loss restores liver fat to normal. These data indicate that the human fatty liver avidly accumulates fat during carbohydrate overfeeding and support a role for DNL in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. This trial was registered at www.hus.fi as 235780.
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“One of the more promising gene-diet interactions, notable in Hispanic populations, involves PNPLA3 and sugar consumption in relation to obesity and liver fat accumulation;84-86”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [85]
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Cites
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Fructose consumption as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
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Prediction of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Liver Fat Using Metabolic and Genetic Factors
Kotronen, A., Peltonen, M., Hakkarainen, A., Sevastianova, K., Bergholm, R., Johansson, L., Lundbom, N. M. I., Rissanen, A., Ridderstråle, M., Groop, L., et al. (2009) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.06.005 · Cited by 840
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“For example, carbohydrate overfeeding induces detectable liver fat increase in 3 weeks, detected with MR spectroscopy (2).”
BackgroundCarrillo, B. E. M., Estrada, F. D. M. C., López, A. L. G., Rillo, A. G., & Ramírez, M. L. P. (2024) · LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades · doi:10.56712/latam.v5i5.2744
Overfeeding, Agavins, and Dietary Fat: Factors that Modulate the Zebrafish Gut Microbiota
Navarro-Barrón, E., Hernández-González, C., Llera‐Herrera, R., Garcı́a-Gasca, A., López, M. G., & Gómez‐Gil, B. (2025) · Zebrafish · doi:10.1177/15458547251365846
Ionmhain, Ú. N., Coulson, L., & Roberts, D. M. (2026) · Clinical Toxicology · doi:10.1080/15563650.2026.2613033
“…relative to the variability in C-peptide concentrations between populations, including up to 1,700 pmol/l in fasting non-diabetics, and exceeding 2,900 pmol/l in post-prandial people with obesity, decreased kidney function, or insulin resistance (like in type 2 diabetes mellitus) [16,20,24,30,31].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Sevastianova, K., Santos, A., Kotronen, A., Hakkarainen, A., Makkonen, J., Silander, K., Peltonen, M., Romeo, S., Lundbom, J., Lundbom, N., Olkkonen, V. M., Gylling, H., Fielding, B. A., Rissanen, A., & Yki-Järvinen, H.
- Affiliations
- Minerva Foundation (FI)
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Sevastianova, Ksenia
- ORCID
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-10
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 727-734
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2144702146
- Cited by
- 211
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 14.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Surrey Research Insight Open Access (The University of Surrey) (submittedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fat, monosaccharides, de novo lipogenesis, weight loss, hypocaloric diet, hypercaloric diet, PNPLA3, VLDL triglycerides, overweight, serum triglycerides
- MeSH terms
- Acyltransferases, Adult, Diet, Reducing, Dietary Carbohydrates, Fatty Liver, Female, Humans, Lipase, Lipoproteins, VLDL, Liver, Male, Membrane Proteins, Triglycerides, Hypertriglyceridemia, Weight Gain, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Dietary Sucrose, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Lipogenesis, Overweight, Lipid Metabolism, Phospholipases A2, Calcium-Independent, Genetic Association Studies, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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