Circulating and dietary magnesium and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies
Open accessAbstract
Background Clinical hypomagnesemia and experimental restriction of dietary magnesium increase cardiac arrhythmias. However, whether or not circulating or dietary magnesium at usual concentrations or intakes influences the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including fatal ischemic heart disease (IHD), is unclear.Objective We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate prospective associations of circulating and dietary magnesium with incidence of CVD, IHD, and fatal IHD.Design Multiple literature databases were systematically searched without language restriction through May 2012. Inclusion decisions and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Linear dose-response associations were assessed by using random-effects meta-regression. Potential nonlinear associations were evaluated by using restricted cubic splines.Results Of 2303 articles, 16 studies met the eligibility criteria; these studies comprised 313,041 individuals and 11,995 CVD, 7534 IHD, and 2686 fatal IHD events. Circulating magnesium (per 0.2 mmol/L increment) was associated with a 30% lower risk of CVD (RR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.88 per 0.2 mmol/L) and trends toward lower risks of IHD (RR: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.05) and fatal IHD (RR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.37, 1.00). Dietary magnesium (per 200-mg/d increment) was not significantly associated with CVD (RR: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.05) but was associated with a 22% lower risk of IHD (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.67, 0.92). The association of dietary magnesium with fatal IHD was nonlinear (P < 0.001), with an inverse association observed up to a threshold of ∼250 mg/d (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.62, 0.86), compared with lower intakes.Conclusion Circulating and dietary magnesium are inversely associated with CVD risk, which supports the need for clinical trials to evaluate the potential role of magnesium in the prevention of CVD and IHD.
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In observational analyses, dietary and blood Mg inversely associate with CVD, especially fatal CHD.
“In observational analyses, dietary and blood Mg inversely associate with CVD, especially fatal CHD;330”
From Dietary and Policy Priorities for Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes, and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review (2016) · cites this paper as [330]
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- Authors
- Del Gobbo, L. C., Imamura, F., Wu, J. H., de Oliveira Otto, M. C., Chiuve, S. E., & Mozaffarian, D.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-07
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 160-173
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3683817
- OpenAlex
- W2100809193
- Cited by
- 355
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 3.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R21HL109924, HL085710, 3R01-HL085710-03S1, R01HL085710)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Magnesium in Health and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications
- Keywords
- magnesium, dietary magnesium, cardiovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, dose-response relationship, nonlinear relationship, cardiovascular risk, magnesium supplementation, cardiac arrhythmias, hypomagnesemia
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Diet, Humans, Magnesium, Risk Factors, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Databases, Factual, Dietary Supplements
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