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Leucine partially protects muscle mass and function during bed rest in middle-aged adults
Open accessAbstract
Background Physical inactivity triggers a rapid loss of muscle mass and function in older adults. Middle-aged adults show few phenotypic signs of aging yet may be more susceptible to inactivity than younger adults.Objective The aim was to determine whether leucine, a stimulator of translation initiation and skeletal muscle protein synthesis (MPS), can protect skeletal muscle health during bed rest.Design We used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess changes in skeletal MPS, cellular signaling, body composition, and skeletal muscle function in middle-aged adults (n = 19; age ± SEM: 52 ± 1 y) in response to leucine supplementation (LEU group: 0.06 g ∙ kg(-1) ∙ meal(-1)) or an alanine control (CON group) during 14 d of bed rest.Results Bed rest decreased postabsorptive MPS by 30% ± 9% (CON group) and by 10% ± 10% (LEU group) (main effect for time, P < 0.05), but no differences between groups with respect to pre-post changes (group × time interactions) were detected for MPS or cell signaling. Leucine protected knee extensor peak torque (CON compared with LEU group: -15% ± 2% and -7% ± 3%; group × time interaction, P < 0.05) and endurance (CON compared with LEU: -14% ± 3% and -2% ± 4%; group × time interaction, P < 0.05), prevented an increase in body fat percentage (group × time interaction, P < 0.05), and reduced whole-body lean mass loss after 7 d (CON compared with LEU: -1.5 ± 0.3 and -0.8 ± 0.3 kg; group × time interaction, P < 0.05) but not 14 d (CON compared with LEU: -1.5 ± 0.3 and -1.0 ± 0.3 kg) of bed rest. Leucine also maintained muscle quality (peak torque/kg leg lean mass) after 14 d of bed-rest inactivity (CON compared with LEU: -9% ± 2% and +1% ± 3%; group × time interaction, P < 0.05).Conclusions Bed rest has a profoundly negative effect on muscle metabolism, mass, and function in middle-aged adults. Leucine supplementation may partially protect muscle health during relatively brief periods of physical inactivity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00968344.
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“Supplementing the diet with protein sources rich in EAA and leucine is known to enhance rates of MPS (12,13), and may serve to offset losses in muscle mass and strength during periods of physical inactivity (14).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- English, K. L., Mettler, J. A., Ellison, J. B., Mamerow, M. M., Arentson-Lantz, E., Pattarini, J. M., Ploutz-Snyder, R., Sheffield-Moore, M., & Paddon-Jones, D.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Universities Space Research Association (US)
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 465-473
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4733256
- OpenAlex
- W2212801556
- Cited by
- 162
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 8.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Texas Space Grant Consortium
- National Space Biomedical Research Institute (R01NR012973, NNJ08ZSA002N, P30 AG024832)
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000071, AG024832)
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG024832)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR012973)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR029876)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32HD007539)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Keywords
- leucine supplementation, bed rest, muscle atrophy, skeletal muscle protein synthesis, middle-aged adults, physical inactivity, muscle function, lean mass loss, muscle quality, quadriceps strength, body composition, alanine, mTOR signaling, translation initiation, sarcopenia prevention, endurance performance, body fat percentage
- MeSH terms
- Bed Rest, Biopsy, Needle, Body Composition, Carbon Isotopes, Double-Blind Method, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Leucine, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle Proteins, Muscular Atrophy, Oxygen Consumption, Signal Transduction, Absorptiometry, Photon, Muscle, Skeletal, Dietary Supplements, Muscle Development, Whole Body Imaging
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