Sarcopenic obesity, weight loss, and mortality: the english longitudinal study of ageing
Open accessAbstract
Background: Age-related sarcopenia describes the loss of muscle strength and often accompanies an increase in adiposity in the elderly.Objective: We examined the association of sarcopenic obesity and changes in muscle strength and weight with the risk of mortality.Design: Participants (n = 6864) were community-dwelling men and women (45.6% men; 54.4% women; mean ± SD age: 66.2 ± 9.5 y) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Handgrip strength and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2) were measured at baseline and at a 4-y follow-up. Individual participant data were linked with death records from National Health Service registries. Sarcopenic obesity was defined as obese individuals (BMI ≥30) in the lowest tertile of sex-specific grip strength (<35.3 kg for men and <19.6 kg for women).Results: There were 906 deaths over a mean follow-up of 8 y. Compared with the reference group (normal BMI and highest handgrip tertile), the risk of all-cause mortality increased as grip strength reduced within each BMI category. For participants in the lowest handgrip tertile, there was little difference in the risk between normal BMI (HR: 3.25; 95% CI: 1.86, 5.65), overweight (HR: 2.50; 95% CI: 1.44, 4.35), and obesity (HR: 2.66; 95% CI: 1.86, 3.80) after adjusting for covariates. The risk of all-cause mortality was significantly greater in participants who experienced weight loss over 4 y (HR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.32, 3.71) and/or reduced hand grip strength (HR: 1.53; 95% CI: 10.07, 2.17) than in those with stable weight and grip strength, with the highest risk in those with both weight loss and reduced strength (HR: 3.77; 95% CI: 2.54, 5.60).Conclusions: Sarcopenic obesity did not confer any greater risk than sarcopenia alone. Weight loss combined with sarcopenia presented the greatest risk of mortality.
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The English Longitudinal Study of Aging reported minimal differences in all-cause mortality between patients with dynapenic obesity and those with dynapenia alone; weight loss combined with low muscle strength had the greatest risk of mortality.
“Moreover, the English Longitudinal Study of Aging reported minimal differences in all-cause mortality between patients with dynapenic obesity (defined using grip strength and BMI) and those with dynapenia alone (70). In this study, weight loss combined with low muscle strength had the greatest risk of mortality.”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [70]
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- Authors
- Hamer, M., & O’Donovan, G.
- Affiliations
- Loughborough University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hamer, Mark
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-07
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 125-129
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2618104922
- Cited by
- 110
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 7.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- sarcopenic obesity, sarcopenia, weight loss, mortality, grip strength, muscle strength, body mass index, older adults, all-cause mortality
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Aging, Body Weight, Cause of Death, England, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Risk Factors, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Hand Strength, Overweight, Muscle Strength, Sarcopenia
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