Cited by 264Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular HealthFatty Acid Research and HealthNatural Products and Biological Research

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Meta-analysis of the effects of flaxseed interventions on blood lipids

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Pan, An, Yu, Danxia, Demark-Wahnefried, Wendy, Franco, Oscar H, Lin, Xu·2009·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

DOI 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27469PMC PMC3361740

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Abstract

Background Several clinical trials have investigated the effects of flaxseed and flaxseed-derived products (flaxseed oil or lignans) on blood lipids; however, the findings have been inconsistent.Objective We aimed to identify and quantify the effectiveness of flaxseed and its derivatives on blood lipid profiles.Design A comprehensive literature search was performed on the basis of English reports of randomized controlled trials of flaxseed or its derivatives on lipid profiles in adults, which were published from January 1990 to October 2008. Attempts also were made to access unpublished data. Study quality was assessed by using the Jadad score, and a meta-analysis was conducted.Results Twenty-eight studies were included. Flaxseed interventions reduced total and LDL cholesterol by 0.10 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.20, 0.00 mmol/L) and 0.08 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.16, 0.00 mmol/L), respectively; significant reductions were observed with whole flaxseed (-0.21 and -0.16 mmol/L, respectively) and lignan (-0.28 and -0.16 mmol/L, respectively) supplements but not with flaxseed oil. The cholesterol-lowering effects were more apparent in females (particularly postmenopausal women), individuals with high initial cholesterol concentrations, and studies with higher Jadad scores. No significant changes were found in the concentrations of HDL cholesterol and triglycerides.Conclusions Flaxseed significantly reduced circulating total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations, but the changes were dependent on the type of intervention, sex, and initial lipid profiles of the subjects. Further studies are needed to determine the efficiency of flaxseed on lipid profiles in men and premenopausal women and to explore its potential benefits on other cardiometabolic risk factors and prevention of cardiovascular disease.

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Hypolipidemic Effect of Blended Oil in Hamster: Biochemical Analysis and Gene Expression Profiling
Jan, K., Huang, M., Chang, C.-J., & Liu, T. C. (2016) · doi:10.12691/jfnr-4-1-5 · Cited by 5
The Impact of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Oil Supplementation on Human Health: A Human-Centric Evidence-Graded Approach
Nie, Y., Wang, Y., Hui, J., Shao, D., Chen, R., Deng, Q., Chen, Y., Wang, X., & Zhu, D. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17111791 · Cited by 9
“Moreover, the insignificant effect of flaxseed oil on reducing blood lipid levels may be due to the fact that the control group received interventions containing monounsat-urated fatty acids and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which themselves also have lipid-lowering properties [56].”
Flaxseed Secoisolariciresinol Diglucoside and Visceral Obesity
Park, J. B. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407869-7.00029-5 · Cited by 4
The Pharmacological Evaluation of Flax Seed Oil
Duran, D. (2020) · Journal of Current Medical Research and Opinion · doi:10.15520/jcmro.v3i05.282 · Cited by 4
“Flax seed contains palmitic acid by 5-6% (16:0), stearic acid by 3-6% (18: 0), oleic acid by 19-29% (18:1n-9), linoleic acid by 14-18% (18:2n-6) and ALA by 45-52% (18:3n-3) (Bhatty, 1995) [12] .”
Relação das condições meteorológicas com produtividade e fenologia da linhaça em agroecossistemas do Sul do Brasil
Bosco, L. C., Becker, D., Stanck, L. T., Carducci, C. E., & Harthmann, O. E. L. (2020) · Brazilian Journal of Development · doi:10.34117/bjdv6n5-077 · Cited by 4
Potential antibacterial effects of flaxseed and Nigella sativa extracts on Streptococcus pyogenes
Al-Ahmad, B. E. M., Yusoff, N. F. M., Mustafa, N. S., Subramaniam, P. K., Darnis, D. S., & Mokhtar, K. I. (2020) · International Journal of Orofacial and Health Sciences · doi:10.31436/ijohs.v1i1.12 · Cited by 4
“However, there are still a lot of ongoing studies on the means of optimizing the beneficial effects of this called magic plant (Pan et al.,2009).”
Background
CARACTERIZAÇÃO E PROPRIEDADES DA LINHAÇA (Linum usitatissimun L.) E SUBPRODUTOS
Novello, D., & Pollonio, M. A. R. (2011) · Boletim do Centro de Pesquisa de Processamento de Alimentos · doi:10.5380/cep.v29i2.25511 · Cited by 4
“Esse alimento também tem sido correlacionado com a diminuição do risco de doença cardiovascular (ABDEL-RAHMAN et al., 2009; PAN et al., 2009), hiperlipidemias (ABDEL-RAHMAN et al., 2009) e câncer (THOMPSON et al., 2005; ABDEL-RAHMAN et al., 2009).”
Background
Cuidados a pacientes em uso de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea
dos Santos, D. B. C., Cardoso, L. D. C. C., Cássia, T. D. A., Prata, M. S., & Santos, E. S. (2019) · Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line · doi:10.5205/1981-8963.2019.242035 · Cited by 4
Beneficial effects oflinum usitatissimum L.on dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines in hypercholesterolemic rats
Dali, S., Krouf, D., Mellouk, Z., & Taleb-Dida, N. (2019) · Nutrition & Food Science · doi:10.1108/nfs-10-2018-0269 · Cited by 4
Influence of Flaxseed on Some Biochemical Factors, Antioxidant Activity and Expression of ABCG5 and ABCG8 Genes in the Liver of Diabetic Rat
Mohammadi, A. (2014) · Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research · doi:10.9734/bjmmr/2014/8509 · Cited by 4
“Some compartment of flaxseed such as lignans of flaxseed also is recognized to have hypocholesterolemic effect and regressed formation of atherosclerotic plaque [5].”
Background
Evaluation of flaxseed effects on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in rabbits submitted to a hypercholesterolemic diet
Saad, C. T., Précoma, D. B., Merlini, A. B., Ioshii, S. O., & Champoski, A. F. (2014) · Functional Foods in Health and Disease · doi:10.31989/ffhd.v4i10.153 · Cited by 4
“, said that a diet with 10% of flaxseed significantly decreased hepatic and plasma levels of triglycerides [17].”
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Qualidade proteica e eficiência alimentar de farinhas integrais de linhaça obtidas de sementes cruas e submetidas a tratamento térmico
Moraes, É. A., Carraro, J. C. C., Dantas, M. I. D. S., Costa, N. M. B., Ribeiro, S. M. R., & Martino, H. S. D. (2010) · REVISTA DO INSTITUTO ADOLFO LUTZ · doi:10.53393/rial.2010.v69.32612 · Cited by 4
Motivations for Botanical Use by Socioeconomically Diverse, Urban Adults: Does Evidence Support Motivation?
Duffy, G. F., Shupe, E. S., Kuczmarski, M. F., Zonderman, A. B., & Evans, M. K. (2017) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2016.0224 · Cited by 4
Healthcare Cost Implications of Utilizing a Dietary Intervention to Lower LDL Cholesterol: Proof of Concept Actuarial Analysis and Recommendations
Dong, I., & Klodas, E. (2020) · Current Cardiology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11886-020-01397-9 · Cited by 3
Ácidos Graxos Poli-insaturados Ômega-3: saúde cardiovascular e sustentabilidade ambiental
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Soybeans, Flaxseeds, and Fish Oil in the Treatment of Renal Disease
Ristić-Medić, D., Takić, M. M., & Radjen, S. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811517-6.00011-8 · Cited by 4
Application of flaxseed as an effective approach for improving lipid profile parameters: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Moridpour, A. H., Goodarzi, M., Kavyani, Z., Nademi, N., Daneshvar, M., Musazadeh, V., & Faghfouri, A. H. (2023) · PharmaNutrition · doi:10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100366 · Cited by 3
L’effet thérapeutique de l’huile de lin « linumusitatissimum » sur l'hypertriglycéridémie et l'hypercholestérolémie chez des rats obèses âgés
Laissouf, A., Soulimane, N. M., & Merzouk, H. (2014) · Afrique Science Revue Internationale des Sciences et Technologie · Cited by 3
Dietary Interventions in Fatty Liver
Yari, Z., & Hekmatdoost, A. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814468-8.00020-x · Cited by 3
Cardiovascular Protection by Dietary Polyphenols
Castro‐Barquero, S., Shahbaz, M., Estruch, R., & Casas, R. M. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100596-5.22894-1 · Cited by 3
Flaxseed bread for therapeutic nutrition
Sevostyanova, N. N., Pchelina, E. A., Vikhrova, M. A., Trezorova, O., & Andreeva, L. V. (2020) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/613/1/012137 · Cited by 3
Research Advances at the Institute for Nutritional Sciences at Shanghai, China
Chen, Y., Xu, L., Liu, Y., Xie, D., Fang, J., Le, Y., Ke, Z., Zhai, Q., Wang, H., Guo, F., et al. (2011) · Advances in Nutrition · doi:10.3945/an.111.000703 · Cited by 3
A Diet Rich in Whole Grain Flaxseeds has Antithrombotic Effects Without Increasing Oxidative Stress in Experimental Atherosclerosis
Mocanu, V., Haliga, R. E., Păduraru, O., Baran, D., Badoi, D., Iancu, R. I., Oboroceanu, T., Balanica, A., & Bădescu, M. (2011) · Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature · doi:10.1080/22311866.2011.10719082 · Cited by 3
Effect of different herbs and spices on cholesterol lowering in broiler: An overview
Kumari, P., Chandramoni, Singh, P., & Singh, P. K. (2020) · Indian Journal of Poultry Science · doi:10.5958/0974-8180.2020.00020.3 · Cited by 3
Urinary enterolignan concentrations and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in pregnant US women
Shi, L., Simas, T. A. M., Lichtenstein, A. H., Zhang, Y., Sun, Q., & Hayman, L. L. (2025) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-025-01143-3 · Cited by 2
Investigation of carrier oil stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles and its antibacterial activity
K., L. P., Devabharathi, V., & Sundaram, N. M. (2014) · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY · doi:10.5897/ajb2014.13732 · Cited by 2
“The nanoparticles of iron oxide such as Fe3O4 and γ-Fe2O3 are very prominent materials in biomedical applications (Sun et al., 2007; Lee et al., 2004; Pan and Yu, 2009).”
Background
Does flaxseed and chia use affect postprandial glucose, insulin and subjective saturation response in healthy individuals?
Akkuş, Ö. Ö., Özdemir, Y., Özbek, Ç., Öncel, B., & Nane, B. Y. (2023) · Journal of Surgery and Medicine · doi:10.28982/josam.7812 · Cited by 2
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HDL-cholestérol et risque cardiovasculaire : au-delà du LDL !
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Can flaxseed supplementation affect circulating adipokines in adults? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
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Authors: Pan, A., Yu, D., Demark-Wahnefried, W., Franco, O. H., & Lin, X.
Affiliations: Unilever (United Kingdom) (GB)
ORCID: Pan, An
Yu, Danxia
Franco, Oscar H
Venue: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2009-08
Volume: 90
Issue: 2
Pages: 288-297
ISSN: 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.27469
PMC: PMC3361740
OpenAlex: W2117685492
Cited by: 264
References: 59
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 2.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 4953 d)
Locations: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Cancer Institute (R01CA085740)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Natural Products and Biological Research
Keywords: flaxseed, linseed oil, lignans, serum lipids, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, cholesterol-lowering effect, sex differences, postmenopausal women, cardiovascular disease prevention, dietary supplements
MeSH terms: Anticholesteremic Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholesterol, Female, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Linseed Oil, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Male, Seeds, Triglycerides, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Lignans, Flax, Lipid Metabolism

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Meta-analysis of the effects of flaxseed interventions on blood lipids

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