The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Characterizing extreme values of body mass index-for-age by using the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts.
Open accessAbstract
Background The 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts included lambda-mu-sigma (LMS) parameters intended to calculate smoothed percentiles from only the 3rd to the 97th percentile. Objective The objective was to evaluate different approaches to describing more extreme values of body mass index (BMI)-for-age by using simple functions of the CDC growth charts. Design Empirical data for the 99th and the 1st percentiles of BMI-for-age were calculated from the data set used to construct the growth charts and were compared with estimates extrapolated from the CDC-supplied LMS parameters and to various functions of other smoothed percentiles. A set of reestimated LMS parameters that incorporated a smoothed 99th percentile were also evaluated. Results Extreme percentiles extrapolated from the CDC-supplied LMS parameters did not match well to the empirical data for the 99th percentile. A better fit to the empirical data was obtained by using 120% of the smoothed 95th percentile. The empirical first percentile was reasonably well approximated by extrapolations from the LMS values. The reestimated LMS parameters had several drawbacks and no clear advantages. Conclusions Several approximations can be used to describe extreme high values of BMI-for-age with the use of the CDC growth charts. Extrapolation from the CDC-supplied LMS parameters does not provide a good fit to the empirical 99th percentile values. Simple approximations to high values as percentages…
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“Trends over time in obesity prevalence among US youth by age, race and Hispanic origin, income, and education of household head have been published,1,5,13 but trends in obesity and severe obesity prevalence by urbanization level have not been well studied.”
From Differences in Obesity Prevalence by Demographics and Urbanization in US Children and Adolescents, 2013-2016 (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
In the citing paper
“Trends over time in obesity prevalence among US youth by age, race and Hispanic origin, income, and education of household head have been published,1,5,13 but trends in obesity and severe obesity prevalence by urbanization level have not been well studied.”
From Differences in Obesity Prevalence by Demographics and Urbanization in US Children and Adolescents, 2013-2016 (2018) · cites this paper as [13]
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“extreme condition, defined as the 99th BMI percentile [13] or 120 % of the 95th percentile [14].”
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Kumar, S., & Kelly, A. S. (2017) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.09.017 · Cited by 1,421
“3 above the mean.(16,17) Some experts recommend classifying obesity in 3 classes: class I obesity (BMI at or above 95th percentile to less than 120% of the 95th percentile), class II (BMI at or above 120% to less than 140% of the 95th percentile, or BMI at or above 35 kg/m(2)), and class III (BMI at or above 140% of t…”
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“6%).(5) The authors of that article cautioned that although BMI ≥120% of the 95th”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Flegal, K. M., Wei, R., Ogden, C. L., Freedman, D. S., Johnson, C. L., & Curtin, L. R.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- National Center for Health Statistics (US)
- Corresponding author
- Flegal, Katherine M
- Venue
- The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1314-1320
- ISSN
- 0002-9165 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2130113732
- Cited by
- 435
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 16.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- American Journal of Clinical Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Keywords
- body mass index for age, CDC growth charts, 99th percentile, overweight children, childhood obesity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S., Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Growth, Humans, Male, Nutrition Surveys, Thinness, United States, Body Mass Index, Overweight, Young Adult
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