Process-Tracing Methods: Foundations and Guidelines

Procedural Reforms

Koß, M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198766919.005.0001

Preface and Acknowledgements

Koß, M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198766919.002.0008

List of Tables

Koß, M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198766919.002.0007

List of Figures

Koß, M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198766919.002.0006

List of Abbreviations

Koß, M. (2018) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198766919.002.0009

Issues, Interactions, and Group Images as Mechanisms of Affective Polarization in Two Environmental Conflicts in Argentina

Herbert, A. L. F., & Elizalde, L. H. (2024) · Palabra Clave · doi:10.5294/pacla.2024.27.2.2

Copyright Page

Jasper, J. M., Elliott-Negri, L., Jabola-Carolus, I., Kagan, M., Mahlbacher, J., Weisskircher, M., & Желнина, А. А. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197623251.002.0004

Preface

Jasper, J. M. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197623251.002.0007

Dedication

Jasper, J. M., Elliott-Negri, L., Jabola-Carolus, I., Kagan, M., Mahlbacher, J., Weisskircher, M., & Желнина, А. А. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197623251.002.0005

Acronym list

Jasper, J. M., Elliott-Negri, L., Jabola-Carolus, I., Kagan, M., Mahlbacher, J., Weisskircher, M., & Желнина, А. А. (2022) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197623251.002.0008

A difusão de políticas públicas e as capacidades estatais: um estudo sobre o projeto de cooperação do Cotton-4 + Togo

Navarro, S. C. S. (2024) · doi:10.11606/d.100.2024.tde-15042024-141808

EPF: Fostering Differentiation with Flexibility, or Contemplating CSDP Out of the Box

Foukas, I., Blanos, P., & Papagiannis, G. (2024) · European Journal for Security Research · doi:10.1007/s41125-024-00102-z

Democratic Participation and Climate Politics: Notes on the Convention Citoyenne pour le Climat in France

Kirby, N., & Leggewie, C. (2024) · Palgrave studies in third sector research · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-54231-2_3

Causal knowledge and the process of policy making: towards a bottom-up approachPreprint

Mireles-Flores, L. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4882131

Why do sustainable materialism initiatives rise and fall over time? Insights from the case of cooperative energy projects in Denmark and France

Wokuri, P. (2024) · Environmental Politics · doi:10.1080/09644016.2024.2377925

The Evolving Landscape of Choices for Navigating the ‘Data Triangle’

Cooksey, R. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-3462-7_2 · Cited by 2

Globalisation in-Between Homogenisation and Heterogenisation: An Institutionalist Analysis on Türkiye

Kaplan, Y., & Osmanoğlu, E. Ö. (2024) · Global Society · doi:10.1080/13600826.2024.2381187

Business and human rights as Swedish foreign policy: The soft implementation of international regulatory norms

Higham, I. (2024) · Scandinavian Political Studies · doi:10.1111/1467-9477.12290

Democracy and ethnic inequality: a comparative case study

Leipziger, L. E. (2024) · Democratization · doi:10.1080/13510347.2024.2372417

Getting Inside the Mind of Leaders and Advisers: A Data Collection Strategy for Historical Case Studies in IR

He, W., & Vennesson, P. (2024) · International Studies Perspectives · doi:10.1093/isp/ekae017

Democratization, Foreign Military Intervention, and Rebel Fragmentation in Civil War: Evidence from the PKK Insurgency in Turkey

Erdoğdu, U. (2024) · Journal of Global Security Studies · doi:10.1093/jogss/ogae030

Introduction: Nuclear Latency and the Participation Puzzle

Bandarra, L. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-70122-1_1

Language and Politics

Lecours, A. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009264747.020

Conclusion

Albaugh, E., Cardinal, L., & Léger, R. (2024) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009264747.019

When Expertise Is Not Enough: Explaining the European Commission's Non‐success in the Integration of Public Sector Accounting

Horni, P. (2024) · JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies · doi:10.1111/jcms.13705

Historyczne uwarunkowania funkcjonowania polskich służb specjalnych w kontekście zmiany politycznej i dziedziczenia wzorców

Pater, B. (2024) · PRZEGLĄD POLICYJNY · doi:10.5604/01.3001.0054.8530

The South Caucasus as a Space of Memory

Krzysztan, B. (2024) · Memory politics and transitional justice · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-62289-2_1

Advocating for rebellion – Rebel diplomacy and international advocacy in the Bougainville Crisis

Brucker, C. (2024) · Small Wars and Insurgencies · doi:10.1080/09592318.2024.2428036

El crecimiento urbano y sus repercusiones en entornos rurales: perspectivas de sustentabilidad en el Área Metropolitana de Guadalajara

de Guadalajara, U., & Ramírez, J. J. P. R. (2024) · doi:10.61728/ae24001519

Challenges, Lessons, and Perspectives of the Administrative Reform in Russia

Kotchegura, A. (2024) · Public administration, governance and globalization · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-70306-5_6

Creating Its Own Enemies?

Koch, C. M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198901020.003.0002

Conclusion

Koch, C. M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198901020.003.0007

In the Name of Which ‘People’?

Koch, C. M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198901020.003.0005

List of Tables

Koch, C. M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198901020.002.0009

The LIO vs. ‘the People’?

Koch, C. M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198901020.003.0004

Appendix Figures

Koch, C. M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198901020.002.0008

Appendix Tables

Koch, C. M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198901020.002.0010

Research Design

Koch, C. M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198901020.003.0003

Introduction

Koch, C. M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198901020.003.0001

Appendix

Koch, C. M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198901020.005.0001

‘The People’ vs. the LIO?

Koch, C. M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198901020.003.0006

Copyright Page

Koch, C. M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198901020.002.0003

Appendix Table of Contents

Koch, C. M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198901020.002.0006

List of Figures

Koch, C. M. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198901020.002.0007

Companion Website

Debre, M. J. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198903635.002.0007

The Effects of Membership in Dictator Clubs on Regime Survival

Debre, M. J. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198903635.003.0004

Patterns of Authoritarian Membership in Regional Organizations

Debre, M. J. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198903635.003.0003

List of Figures

Debre, M. J. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198903635.002.0005

How Dictator Clubs Empower Autocratic Incumbents

Debre, M. J. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198903635.003.0005

How Dictator Clubs Shield from External Pressure

Debre, M. J. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198903635.003.0007

How Dictator Clubs Constrain Regional Challengers

Debre, M. J. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198903635.003.0006

List of Tables

Debre, M. J. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198903635.002.0006

Conclusion

Debre, M. J. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198903635.003.0008

Dedication

Debre, M. J. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198903635.002.0004

The Dictators’ Club

Debre, M. J. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198903635.003.0002 · Cited by 1

Introduction

Debre, M. J. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780198903635.003.0001

An Integrated Career Management Model for the Public Service

Sikwela, S., & Diedericks, M. (2024) · Administratio publica. · doi:10.61967/adminpub.2024.32.4.10

An Entrepreneurial View of Judicial Capture

Forte, E. (2025) · Journal of Law and Courts · doi:10.1017/jlc.2024.31

Resilient Corrupted Coalitions: How Anti-Corruption Operations Reshaped Coalition-Building in Brazil’s Congress

Moreno, A. (2025) · Open Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.4236/jss.2025.132003

Partiotwórcza funkcja wyborów prezydenckich w Polsce z perspektywy teorii kartelizacji

Jagielski, T. (2024) · Studia Polityczne · doi:10.35757/stp.2024.52.2.03

Does network governance really work? Evidence from cross-national comparative research on urban regeneration in Belgrade and Amsterdam

Kostica, D. (2025) · European Journal of Cultural Management and Policy · doi:10.3389/ejcmp.2025.14016 · Cited by 2

The Policy Making on Venezuelan Migratory Policies in Peru 2017-2022: Processes, Bifurcation Points and Drivers

Arroyo, J., Knipper, M., Arósquipa, C., et al. (2025) · Migraciones Publicación del Instituto Universitario de Estudios sobre Migraciones · doi:10.14422/mig.22110.007

Towards a Sustainable Media Development Goal

Leroy, M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-83659-6_9

IT Project Postmortem Theory: Identifying Root Causes by Process TracingPreprint

Schmidt, J. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5196936

Civically Engaged Research (CER): an urgent call for action in immigration federalism scholarship

Colbern, A., Vimo, J., Walker, S., et al. (2025) · Politics Groups and Identities · doi:10.1080/21565503.2025.2492025

Permanent Campaign: Three Glances on the Same Phenomenon from The Americas

Chávez-Cabrera, C. (2025) · Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales · doi:10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.2025.254.83734

Saying racism: calling anti-immigration policies racist as effective pro-immigrant politics in Arizona

Slaven, M. (2025) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2025.2497836

Exploring and Tracing Swedish Grand Strategy

Brommesson, D., Ekengren, A., & Michalski, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780191982989.003.0003

Role Theory and the Study of Small State Grand Strategy

Brommesson, D., Ekengren, A., & Michalski, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780191982989.003.0002

Shaping Swedish Grand Strategy in a New Era

Brommesson, D., Ekengren, A., & Michalski, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780191982989.003.0005

List of Authors

Brommesson, D., Ekengren, A., & Michalski, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780191982989.002.0010

Sweden and the Variety of Small State Strategies

Brommesson, D., Ekengren, A., & Michalski, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780191982989.003.0001

The Evolution of Sweden’s Grand Strategy

Brommesson, D., Ekengren, A., & Michalski, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780191982989.003.0004

Interview Guide

Brommesson, D., Ekengren, A., & Michalski, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780191982989.005.0002

List of Interviews

Brommesson, D., Ekengren, A., & Michalski, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780191982989.005.0001

Sweden’s Grand Strategy

Brommesson, D., Ekengren, A., & Michalski, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780191982989.003.0006

List of Abbreviations

Brommesson, D., Ekengren, A., & Michalski, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780191982989.002.0009

Preface

Brommesson, D., Ekengren, A., & Michalski, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780191982989.002.0008

List of Figures

Brommesson, D., Ekengren, A., & Michalski, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780191982989.002.0005

Series Editors’ Preface

Brommesson, D., Ekengren, A., & Michalski, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780191982989.002.0007

List of Tables

Brommesson, D., Ekengren, A., & Michalski, A. (2025) · doi:10.1093/9780191982989.002.0006

Enredadas contra a fome: movimentos, pandemia e auxílio em dobro para mães solo

Tavares, M. M. (2025) · Cadernos Gestão Pública e Cidadania · doi:10.12660/cgpc.v30.92206

Change in a Nested Subsystem: How National Coalitions Use Resources to Influence State Policy Decisions

Giordono, L. S. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-85554-2_9

Reformist Insurgency-Society Contracts and the Grievance-Driven Pathway to Bonding with Armed Groups

Magnuson, S. (2025) · Rethinking political violence · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87518-2_4

Social Contracts in the Study of Political Violence

Magnuson, S. (2025) · Rethinking political violence · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-87518-2_1 · Cited by 1

Cooperation or Control? Assessing the Challenges and Solutions of Counterinsurgency Coordination in Malaya and Palestine

Goodman, J. R. (2025) · Journal of Global Security Studies · doi:10.1093/jogss/ogaf018

Looking back and abroad while (not) moving forward. Migration, ideas and the stability of citizenship in Spain

Pasetti, F., & Schweitzer, R. (2025) · Frontiers in Sociology · doi:10.3389/fsoc.2025.1570110

Expect the Best, Prepare for the Worst? EU Council Anticipation of rule of law Challenges During the Hungarian Presidency

Hernández, G. (2025) · JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies · doi:10.1111/jcms.70009

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Matlala, L. S. (2025) · Journal of Law and Sustainable Development · doi:10.55908/sdgs.v13i7.4392

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Chaux, D. D. M., & Uribe, J. F. P. (2025) · Reflexión Política · doi:10.29375/01240781.4800

Methods of Public Policy Research in Europe

Blum, S., & Treib, O. (2025) · Contributions to political science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-93841-2_5

Warum Fußball hilft, Xi Jinpings China zu verstehen

Gündoğan, I. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-93196-3_1

Das Ende von negativer und positiver Integration? Wie die politökonomische Heterogenität und prozedurale Entscheidungshürden den Verlauf der europäischen Integration weiterhin prägen

Höpner, M., Schmidt, S. K., & Seikel, D. (2025) · Politische Vierteljahresschrift · doi:10.1007/s11615-025-00624-8

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Şahbaz, Y. (2025) · İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi · doi:10.46928/iticusbe.1726771

Sufficient Causes in the Social Sciences

Bellanca, N. (2025) · Palgrave studies in classical liberalism · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-01384-2_1

What needs to be (un)ambiguous to construct a coalition for policy change? Evidence from South Korea’s “childcare publicness” reforms

Ryu, S. (2025) · Policy and Society · doi:10.1093/polsoc/puaf034

The Animals Will Have to Wait: How the EU–Mercosur Deal Helped Derail Animal Welfare Legislation

Duina, F. (2025) · JCMS Journal of Common Market Studies · doi:10.1111/jcms.70041

Political Discourse Contiguous with Malaysia’s National Culture Policy

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, M., Selamat, S. F., Ebrahimi, M., et al. (2024) · Journal of Asian Linguistic Anthropology · doi:10.47298/jala.v6-i3-a3

Nationalism and the transformation of party systems: the cases of Puerto Rico and Québec

Vézina, V., & Lecours, A. (2025) · Regional & Federal Studies · doi:10.1080/13597566.2025.2584367

Defensive Realist Conditions for Military Confidence-Building Measures: Explaining the Divergence of American Confidence Building with Post-Cold War China and Cold War SovietPreprint

Takiguchi, T. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5814703

Phased Narrowing: A New Process Tracing Method for Decision Making

Levin, I. P., & Jasper, J. D. (1995) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.1995.1084 · Cited by 42

A Comparison of Two Process Tracing Methods for Choice TasksPreprint

Lohse, G. L., & Johnson, E. J. (1996) · SSRN Electronic Journal · Cited by 5

Process Tracing

Clarke, C. J. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197519806.013.15 · Cited by 3

A Comparison of Two Process Tracing Methods for Choice Tasks

Lohse, G. L., & Johnson, E. J. (1996) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1006/obhd.1996.0087 · Cited by 271

Process tracing in case studies

Griffith, J. E. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203093801-19 · Cited by 4