Effects of relaxing music on cardiac autonomic balance and anxiety after acute myocardial infarction
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction places additional demands on an already compromised myocardium. Relaxing music can induce a relaxation response, thereby reversing the deleterious effects of the stress response. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of relaxing music; quiet, uninterrupted rest; and "treatment as usual" on anxiety levels and physiological indicators of cardiac autonomic function. METHODS: A 3-group repeated measures experimental design was used. Forty-five patients, 15 per group, with acute myocardial infarction were assigned randomly to 20 minutes of (1) music in a quiet, restful environment (experimental group); (2) quiet, restful environment without music (attention); or (3) treatment as usual (control). Anxiety levels and physiological indicators were measured. RESULTS: Immediately after the intervention, reductions in heart rate, respiratory rate, and myocardial oxygen demand were significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group. The reductions in heart rate and respiratory rate remained significantly greater 1 hour later. Changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, and myocardial oxygen demand in the attention group did not differ significantly from changes in the other 2 groups. The 3 groups did not differ with respect to systolic blood pressure. Increases in high-frequency heart rate variability were significantly greater in the experimental and attention groups than in the control group immediately after the intervention. State anxiety was reduced in the experimental group only; the reduction was significant immediately and 1 hour after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction may benefit from music therapy in a quiet, restful environment.
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Music listening might be effective in accelerating the recovery process of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS.
“It appears that music listening might be effective in accelerating the recovery process of the parasympathetic branch of the ANS.”
From The Effect of Music on the Human Stress Response (2013) · cites this paper as [89]
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- Authors
- White, J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Critical Care
- Publisher
- AACN Publishing
- Published
- 1999-07-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 220-230
- ISSN
- 1062-3264 (ISSN-L)
- 1937-710X
- OpenAlex
- W1834901144
- Cited by
- 245
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 15.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Critical Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1f31nr006999-01a1)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (F31 NR06999)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Music Therapy and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Keywords
- relaxing music, music therapy, acute myocardial infarction, cardiac autonomic function, anxiety, heart rate, respiratory rate, myocardial oxygen demand, heart rate variability, relaxation response, rest
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Anxiety, Autonomic Nervous System, Female, Health Facility Environment, Heart Rate, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Middle Aged, Music Therapy, Myocardial Infarction, Noise, Oxygen Consumption, Respiration, Time Factors, Electrocardiography, Ambulatory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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