Overexpression of Soluble Fas Ligand following Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Therapy Prevents Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in Chronic and Acute Murine Models of Glaucoma
Open accessAbstract
Glaucoma is a multifactorial disease resulting in the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and irreversible blindness. Glaucoma-associated RGC death depends on the proapoptotic and proinflammatory activity of membrane-bound Fas ligand (mFasL). In contrast to mFasL, the natural cleavage product, soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) inhibits mFasL-mediated apoptosis and inflammation and, therefore, is an mFasL antagonist. DBA/2J mice spontaneously develop glaucoma and, predictably, RGC destruction is exacerbated by expression of a mutated membrane-only FasL gene that lacks the extracellular cleavage site. Remarkably, one-time intraocular adeno-associated virus–mediated gene delivery of sFasL provides complete and sustained neuroprotection in the chronic DBA/2J and acute microbead-induced models of glaucoma, even in the presence of elevated intraocular pressure. This protection correlated with inhibition of glial activation, reduced production of TNF-α, and decreased apoptosis of RGCs and loss of axons. These data indicate that cleavage of FasL under homeostatic conditions, and the ensuing release of sFasL, normally limits the neurodestructive activity of FasL. The data further support the notion that sFasL, and not mFasL, contributes to the immune-privileged status of the eye.
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Injection of polystyrene microbeads into the anterior chamber elevates intraocular pressure.
“Elevation of IOP was induced unilaterally by injection of polystyrene microbeads (FluoSpheres; Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA; 15-μm diameter) to the anterior chamber of the right eye of each animal under a surgical microscope, as previously reported40.”
From Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision (2020) · cites this paper as [40]
Intraocular pressure was measured with a rebound TonoLab tonometer as previously described.
“IOPs were measured with a rebound TonoLab tonometer (Colonial Medical Supply, Espoo, Finland), as previously described40.”
From Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision (2020) · cites this paper as [40]
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- Authors
- Krishnan, A., Fei, F., Jones, A., Busto, P., Marshak-Rothstein, A., Ksander, B. R., & Gregory-Ksander, M.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (US)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, MA 01655
- Corresponding author
- Krishnan, Anitha
- Fei, Fei
- Jones, Alexander
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Immunology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-12
- Volume
- 197
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 4626-4638
- ISSN
- 0022-1767 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-6606
- PMC
- PMC5136323
- OpenAlex
- W2560824299
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 90
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1
- FWCI
- 3.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Eye Institute (R01EY021543, P30EY003790)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA090691)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR055634)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Glaucoma and retinal disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Keywords
- glaucoma, retinal ganglion cell death, soluble Fas ligand, adeno-associated virus gene therapy, neuroprotection, DBA/2J mice, intraocular pressure, glial activation, TNF-α, apoptosis, axonal loss
- MeSH terms
- Neuroprotection, Acute Disease, Dependovirus, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Chronic Disease, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Glaucoma, Humans, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Inbred DBA, Mice, Transgenic, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Genetic Therapy, Apoptosis, Mice, Fas Ligand Protein
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